Persona:
Ríos Lago, Marcos

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mrios@psi.uned.es
ORCID
0000-0003-0187-5047
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Ríos Lago
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Marcos
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2021 - 20265
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Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Apathy Through History: A Disorder at the Crossroads of Psychiatry and Neurology
    (Springer, 2026-02-24) Noreña Martínez, David de; Sánchez Cubillo, Ignacio; Adrover Roig, Daniel; Quemada, José Ignacio; Ríos Lago, Marcos
    Apathy is a multidimensional neuropsychiatric condition characterized by a reduction in goal-directed behavior, cognition, emotion, or social interaction, with significant clinical implications in both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite its prevalence, apathy has traditionally been viewed as a secondary symptom of other pathologies. This article offers a historical and conceptual review of apathy, tracing its evolution from early philosophical ideas of emotional detachment to its current status as a transdiagnostic construct. The review examines the gradual emergence of apathy as a distinct syndrome, emphasizing contributions from psychiatry and neurology. Key concepts such as abulia, anhedonia, akinetic mutism, athymhormia, and avolition are discussed to illustrate the shifting boundaries between these terms. Drawing from historical and modern perspectives, the article explores the semantic evolution of apathy-related terms and their convergence in current diagnostic frameworks. It also addresses ongoing clinical challenges in detecting and differentiating apathy from overlapping syndromes. Ultimately, this review advocates for recognizing apathy as an independent syndrome with distinct neurobiological foundations, emphasizing its importance in behavioral neuroscience and clinical neuropsychiatry.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Cognitive deficits and clinical symptoms in patients with treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder: The role of slowness in information processing
    (Elsevier, 2021-07-31) Simón-Martínez, Vanesa; Laseca-Zaballa, Garazi; Lubrini, Genny; Albarrán Periáñez, José David; Martínez Álvarez, Roberto; Torres-Díaz, Cristina V.; Martínez Moreno, Nuria; Álvarez-Linera, Juan; Ríos Lago, Marcos; Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno
    Patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) present neuropsychological deficits across different cognitive domains, especially in executive functioning and information processing speed. Some studies have even suggested that speed deficits may underlie poor neuropsychological performance. However, this hypothesis remains unanswered in both OCD general population and OCD refractory subgroup. In addition, it is not clear whether such deficits are secondary to the clinical symptoms or may constitute a primary deficit. The aim of this study was to explore the speed of processing hypothesis in treatment-refractory OCD patients, and to clarify to what extent slowness is related to psychopathological symptoms. Both clinical and neuropsychological examination was conducted to assess 39 OCD refractory patients candidates for neurosurgery and 39 healthy matched individuals. Principal component analysis revealed a three-component structure in the neuropsychological battery being used, including a speed of processing, working memory, and conflict monitoring components. Group comparisons revealed that OCD patients performed significantly worse than healthy individuals in speed measures, but no differences were found in executive tests not influenced by time. Correlation analyses revealed a lack of association between neuropsychological and clinical measures. The results suggest that treatment-refractory OCD patients exhibit a primary deficit in information processing speed independent of clinical symptoms.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Cognitive outcomes following functional neurosurgery in refractory OCD patients: a systematic review
    (Springer, 2023) Laseca Zaballa, Garazi; Lubrini, Genny; Periañez, Jose A.; Martinez, Simón; Martín Bejarano, M.; Torres Díaz, C.; Martínez Moreno, N.; Álvarez Linera, Juan; Martínez Álvarez, R.; Ríos Lago, Marcos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-6198; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-4021
    Neurosurgery is a therapeutic option for patients with refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder who do not respond to previous treatments. Although its efficacy in reducing clinical symptomatology has been proven, few studies have analyzed its effects at the cognitive level. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the cognitive outcomes of functional neurosurgery in patients that went through capsulotomies or cingulotomies. PubMed, Medline, Scopus, PsycInfo, PsyArticles, and Web of Knowledge were searched for studies reporting cognitive outcomes in refractory obsessive–compulsive patients after capsulotomies and cingulotomies. The risk of bias was assessed with the Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Control Group tool; 13 studies met inclusion criteria, including 205 refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder patients for both surgical procedures. Results showed a substantial number of studies that did report significant cognitive improvement after surgery, being this improvement specially related to memory and executive functions. The second-most frequent finding is the maintenance of cognitive performance (nor improvement or worsening). From a neuropsychological point of view, this outcome might be considered a success, given that it is accompanied by amelioration of obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Subtle cognitive adverse effects have also been reported. Neurosurgery procedures appear to be safe from a cognitive point of view. Methodological issues must be improved to draw clearer conclusions, but capsulotomies and cingulotomies constitute an effective alternative treatment for refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder patients.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor and cognitive function in paediatric brain damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Taylor & Francis, 2025-04-26) Cerezo-Zarzuelo, Almudena; Ríos Lago, Marcos; Sanchez-Cuesta, Francisco Jose; Gavilan-Agusti, Beatriz; Hurtado Martinez, Alfonso; Romero, Juan Pablo; GMP foundation
    Purpose Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) emerges as a secure therapy in paediatric brain damage rehabilitation. Our purpose is to acknowledge its evidence in motor and cognitive variables, examine correlations between tDCS effects and parameters, and identify associations between motor and cognitive outcomes. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023448441). 5 databases were consulted in September 2024. Randomised controlled trials evaluating tDCS effectiveness on motor or cognitive outcomes in paediatric brain injuries were included. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro scale and ROB-2. Certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE. Results Nineteen studies were selected (447 participants). tDCS seems to be beneficial in gait (SMD: 0.83–0.90 (p < 0.0001)), balance (COP oscillations SMD: −0.51 - −1.13 (p < 0.02), PBS SMD: 0.48–0.56 (p < 0.0001)), functionality (SMD: 0.40 (p < 0.01)). Effects on cognition showed promising results. Effects in upper limb are controversial, due to fewer publications. Conclusions tDCS seems beneficial in motor and cognitive functions in paediatric brain damage. Motor and cognitive functions appears to be interconnected, so combined protocols could be an effective approach. Meta-analysis results are promising but may be considered carefully as few articles could be included. Further research is needed.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Apathetic symptoms and white matter integrity after traumatic brain injury
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-08-06) Navarro-Main, Blanca; Castaño León, Ana María; Hilario Barrio, Amaya; Lagares, A; Albarrán Periáñez, José David ; Ríos Lago, Marcos; Inertia Group Collaborators; Fundación Mapfre, Beca Ignacio Larramendi
    Primary objective The aim of the study was twofold. First, to study the relationship among apathy in the long term, initial clinical measures, and standard outcome scores after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Second, to describe white matter integrity correlates of apathy symptoms. Research Design Correlational study. Methods and Procedures: Correlation and Bayesian networks analyses were performed in a sample of 40 patients with moderate to severe TBI in order to identify the relationship among clinical variables, functionality, and apathy. A diffusion tensor imaging study was developed in 25 participants to describe correlations between fractional anisotropy (FA) measures and apathetic symptoms. Main outcomes and results Correlation analysis revealed associations between pairs of variables as apathy in the long term and functional score at discharge from hospital. Bayesian network illustrated the relevant role of axonal injury mediating the relationship between apathy and initial clinical variables. FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the internal capsule were negatively correlated with apathy measures. Widespread brain areas showed positive correlations between FA and apathy. Conclusions These results highlight the relevance of white matter integrity measures in initial assessment after TBI and its relationship with apathetic manifestations in the chronic phase.