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Fecha
2023-03-07
Derechos de acceso
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editorial
MDPI
Citas
Resumen
Graphene oxide (GO) materials possess physicochemical properties that facilitate their application in the industrial and medical sectors. The use of graphene may pose a threat to biota, especially aquatic life. In addition, the properties of nanomaterials can differentially affect cell and molecular responses. Therefore, it is essential to study and define the possible genotoxicity of GO materials to aquatic organisms and their ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the changes in the expression of 11 genes in the aquatic organism Chironomus riparius after 96 h of exposure to small GOs (sGO), large GOs (lGO) and monolayer GOs (mlGO) at 50, 500 and 3000 μg/L. Results showed that the different genes encoding heat shock proteins (hsp90, hsp70 and hsp27) were overexpressed after exposure to these nanomaterials. In addition, ATM and NLK—the genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms—were altered at the transcriptional level. DECAY, an apoptotic caspase, was only activated by larger size GO materials, mlGO and lGO. Finally, the gene encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) showed higher expression in the mlG O-treated larvae. The lGO and mlGO treatments indicated high mRNA levels of a developmental gene (FKBP39) and an endocrine pathway-related gene (DRONC). These two genes were only activated by the larger GO materials. The results indicate that larger and thicker GO nanomaterials alter the transcription of genes involved in cellular stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, endocrine and development in C. riparius. This shows that various cellular processes are modified and affected, providing some of the first evidence for the action mechanisms of GOs in invertebrates. In short, the alterations produced by graphene materials should be further studied to evaluate their effect on the biota to show a more realistic scenario of what is happening at the molecular level.
Descripción
The registered version of this article, first published in “Nanomaterials, vol. 13, 2023", is available online at the publisher's website: MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060967
La versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en “Nanomaterials, vol. 13, 2023", está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: MDPI, https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060967
Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad (Spain), Grant RTI2018-094598-B-100
Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad (Spain), Grant RTI2018-094598-B-100
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
graphene oxide, freshwater ecotoxicology, oxidative stress, Chironomus riparius, molecular response
Citación
Martin-Folgar, R.; Esteban-Arranz, A.; Negri, V.; Morales, M. Graphene Oxides (GOs) with Different Lateral Dimensions and Thicknesses Affect the Molecular Response in Chironomus riparius. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060967
Centro
Facultad de Ciencias
Departamento
Física Matemática y de Fluídos