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A contractarian approach to actuarial fairness
(2024-01-21) Heras Martínez, Antonio José; Pradier, Pierre Charles; Teira Serrano, David
We defend, from a contractarian perspective, that the fair price of an insurance policy is the amount that the contracting parties agree when they are both equally uncertain about the insured event. Drawing on the approach developed by R. Sugden in The Community of Advantage, we answer two standard objections raised against contractarianism in the actuarial sciences: 1) people are not wise enough to assess their actuarial risks; 2) they are not rational enough to decide which insurance policy suits them better. We show under which circumstances people can make fair actuarial agreements, without presupposing any objective risk or rationality benchmarks.
A Contractarian Solution to the Experimenter’s Regress
(2012-12-25) Teira Serrano, David
Debiasing procedures are experimental methods aimed at correcting errors arising from the cognitive biases of the experimenter. We will discuss two of these methods, the predesignation rule and randomization, showing to what extent they are open to the experimenter’s regress: there is no meta-rule to prove that, after implementing the procedure, the experimental data are actually free from biases. We claim that, from a contractarian perspective these procedures are nonetheless defensible, since they provide a warrant of the impartiality of the experiment: we only need a proof that the result has not been intentionally manipulated for a prima facie acceptance.
A critical review of positive education: challenges and limitations
(Springer Nature, 2022-09-08) Cabanas Díaz, Edgar; González Lamas, Jara
Positive education has gained increased interest and attention in the last decade. Born as an applied movement within positive psychology, positive education aims to introduce a positive approach to education to aid schools in promoting happiness, improving learning and performance, and reducing mental health problems among children and adolescents. Whereas relatively new, positive education has made notable progress and bears enormous potential. However, the movement still presents vulnerabilities and limitations that need addressing. With a focus on critical and supporting literature, this integrative review explores and brings together some of the most pressing challenges that positive education faces today. Tackling these vulnerabilities would positively contribute to the ongoing advancement of the movement.
A Defence of Pharmaceutical Paternalism
(2020-01-30) Teira Serrano, David
Pharmaceutical paternalism is the normative stance upheld by pharmaceutical regulatory agencies like the US Food and Drug Administration. These agencies prevent patients from accessing treatments declared safe and ineffective for the patient’s good without their consent. Libertarian critics of the FDA have shown a number of significant flaws in regulatory paternalism. Against these objections, I will argue that, in order to make an informed decision about treatments, a libertarian patient should request full disclosure of the uncertainty about an experimental treatment. But pharmaceutical markets, on their own, are not a reliable source of information about such uncertainty. And companies have the power to capture any independent expert who may assess it. Therefore, the libertarian is better off deferring on an independent regulatory body the assessment of the pharmaceutical risks, constraining access to treatments until tested.
A Positivist Tradition in Early Demand Theory
(2009-08-06) Teira Serrano, David
A propósito de las actitudes y roles del antropólogo en su trabajo de campo
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2003-01-01) Fernández Moreno, Nuria
El objetivo de este texto es analizar circunstancias determinantes en el trabajo de campo, que tienen que ver con las actitudes que el antropólogo mantiene con el grupo que estudia, prestando atención a algunos de los numerosos aspectos emocionales que comprende su vivencia. Estas reflexiones surgen del trabajo de campo que realicé en la isla de Bioko, en Guinea Ecuatorial, entre los años 1988 y 1992.
A propósito de «After Life»: Una reflexión filosófica sobre la noción de experiencia moral del duelo
(Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 2022-04-20) Lariguet, Guillermo; Rodríguez Alba, Jaime; Rodríguez Alba, Jaime; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-3498
Han sido diversas las concepciones filosóficas sobre la conformación de la moralidad humana y el lugar que la experiencia tiene en la misma. La filosofía moral moderna, a diferencia de la antigua, ha tendido a desplazar el foco de la moralidad hacia concepciones desligadas de la experiencia subjetiva. Sin duda esto genera múltiples problemas filosóficos, alguno de los cuales serán explorados en este trabajo. En el mismo, y a propósito de la serie After Life, se incide en tópicos como el anclaje de la moralidad en la experiencia, en especial la experiencia del duelo que transita su personaje central. No se sugiere que el duelo será la experiencia clave en la conformación de moralidad, pero a propósito de su análisis podemos comprender nuevos modos de insertar la moralidad en sus bases emocionales y vinculares, así como las tensiones entre el saber moral (teoría) y las prácticas de moralidad, considerando las implicaciones epistémicas, antropológicas y éticas involucradas. Se considera aquí problemática la noción moderna de subjetividad moral. Frente a un sujeto desgajado de la otredad, el duelo permite, como se aprecia en la narración fílmica, comprender el tránsito de una situación de déficit moral (egocentrismo, desgajamiento de las necesidades y vínculo con el otro, etc.) a una de moralidad plena. En el camino interpretativo se apela a la visión fenomenológica de la presencia del rostro ajeno en la conformación de la moralidad, así como la consideración que el bien ha de tener en la construcción de la misma.
A Spanish Conception of the Phenomenology of Existence
(HORIZON, 2023) López Sáenz, Mª Carmen
The “phenomenology of existence” is one of the contemporary currents of philosophy which have developed taking existence as its central concern. The purpose of this article is to present my conception of this fundamental field of phenomenological research. In order to do this, I will analyze phenomenology of existence in the double sense of the genitive or better as a bidirectional phenomenological-existential movement; that is to say, on the one hand, I will explore the sense and scope of phenomenology for existence and, on the other hand, the meaning of existence for the phenomenological existential movement. With the aim of describing this twofold dynamics, I will begin by clarifying certain concepts of the Husserlian method that have frequently either been ignored or misinterpreted and, therefore, have impeded us from understanding the meaning of what the founder of phenomenology called “personal existence.” After this elucidation that takes place at the static level of phenomenology, I will apply some key concepts of genetic phenomenology to existence in order to develop my own account of the existential phenomenology. Given that Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) was a pioneer in the study of the most representative Husserlian texts dealing with the major issues of genetic phenomenology–such as time, space, lived body, intersubjectivity and life-world––, I will draw from his philosophy to open a dialogue with María Zambrano (1904-1991), as an example of the possibilities offered by a––comparative––phenomenology for the study of existential problems, specifically for the development of a phenomenology of sensing and being sensed that goes beyond of the paradigm of representation.
A vueltas con el giro visual. Una revisión de algunos debates en torno a los Estudios Visuales y la Filosofía de la imagen
(Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2024-03-21) Martínez Luna, Sergio
Este artículo propone una revisión de las teorías de la imagen desde el giro visual, tanto en el contexto anglosajón (el giro pictorial de W.J.T. Mitchell) como en el alemán (el giro icónico de Gottfried Boehm). No obstante, también se atienden a otras perspectivas, como las que provienen de la fenomenología (Emmanuel Alloa). Se abordan las coincidencias y diferencias entre ambas aproximaciones, sobre todo en lo que toca a cómo las imágenes producen sentido y a sus formas de acción y agencia. También se repasan las objeciones que desde disciplinas como la de la Historia del Arte se hicieron a los Estudios visuales. Una de las cuestiones clave es la del objeto de estos estudios, relacionada con la de la interdisciplinariedad, así como con la definición del concepto de visualidad, que incluye a las imágenes y los modos de ver en su especificad social e histórica. Los debates entre posiciones perceptualistas y semióticas están ligados a la concepción de la imagen como aparición y mediación, presencia y representación. El artículo defiende mantener las aporías y ambigüedades de la imagen, pues son ellas las que retienen su potencial crítico, especialmente urgente en la época de las imágenes maquínicas interconectadas y la visión artificial.
A vueltas con la cuestión alemana : entre la democracia y la tentación nacionalista
(Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 1993-01-01) García-Morán Escobedo, Juan
Accounting for doxastic agency: Mental action and self- awareness
(Springer, 2023-05-17) Keeling, Sophie Alexandria
Uncontroversially, individuals exercise agency in acting; can we say the same about believing? This paper argues that subjects do indeed exercise agency over their beliefs and provides an account by which this is possible. On my picture, self-awareness is fundamental to the nature of doxastic agency. Drawing on work in the philosophy of action, I argue that subjects exercise agency in performing mental actions that form and sustain their beliefs, where they are aware of these actions as part of reasoning and exercising agency over their beliefs.
Addiction in existential positive psychology (EPP, PP2.0): from a critique of the brain disease model towards a meaning-centered approach
(Taylor and Francis Group, Routledge, 2019-04-19) Carreño, David F.; Pérez Escobar, José Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-6485; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6896
Addiction is widely considered to be a chronic brain disease. Under this view, neuroscientists have spent lots of resources to study the brain and identify pharmacological targets to palliate addiction. However, the brain disease model presents serious epistemological and practical limitations. Firstly, this article collects important critiques to the medical model and calls for a more pluralistic approach to addiction. Secondly, we discuss the problematic self-regulation of people with addiction from an existential positive perspective (also termed PP2.0). People with addiction, whether it is related to substance abuse, gambling, internet surfing, shopping or eating, usually manifest existential struggles that could account for the development and maintenance of their addiction. Relational problems, evasion of guilt and responsibility, and a lack of meaning in life have been evidenced in the literature. At the base of this psychological problem, there are both an inability to cope with the dark side of life and a maladaptive search for positive emotions that cannot be naturally obtained from meaningful social interactions. Finally, the meaning-centered approach (MCA) is proposed for addiction recovery. MCA helps clients find a purpose in life and integrate into society. This existential positive approach can be a fundamental complement for mainstream addiction treatments.
Adsum: pensando y sintiendo con Zambrano y Unamuno
(CEES, Centro de Cultura y Ciencias Sociales, 2025-01) López Sáenz, Mª Carmen
Mientras que nadie duda de la estrecha relación entre lenguaje y pensamiento, el ámbito del sentir permanece escindido y oculto. María Zambrano y Miguel de Unamuno los vincularon en sus reflexiones sobre la vida. La autora de este articulo lee sus obras desde esta clave analizando cómo tematizaron sus relaciones y preguntándose si, además de pensar en español, sintieron en esa lengua. Explora su concepción de la palabra como culminación de estas acciones, y del realismo como adsum del conocimiento en español.
Aesthetic Pragmatism and Feminism of Jane Addams
(Associazione Pragma, 2025-04-20) Vaamonde, Marta
This article aims to contribute to the recognition of Jane Addams' aesthetic reflections. Her reflections extended pragmatism by anticipating some themes of Dewey’s aesthetics and some of its current aesthetic derivations. Addams broke down the barriers that separated art and life with the practices at Hull House in which immigrants of different ethnicities and women had an active and leading part. She thus expanded the social meaning of some of the avant-garde art movements that influenced her, such as the Art and Crafts Movement, by trying to make aesthetic sensibility a part of the everyday life of Hull House’s neighbors. In this way, she anticipated current everyday aesthetics, but without diluting the artistic specificity. Art transfigures events through poetics, allowing us to transform our lives through the values that are the common heritage of humanity. In Addams, we find a social aesthetic that sheds light on some of the problems of contemporary theories, expands the considerations of the artistic movements of her time, and contributes to reflections on the vital importance of aesthetics.
Aesthetics and Complexity theory
(Universidad de Málaga, 2020-12-30) Claramonte Arrufat, Jordi
Este artículo pretende exponer y discutir algunas modelizaciones procedentes del pensamiento de la complejidad y la auto-organización, poniéndolas en relación con los desafíos a los que debe atender la investigación en el área de la estética y la teoría del arte contemporánea. Abordaremos tres aportaciones concretas del paradigma de la complejidad como son “las dinámicas de reacción y difusión”, “la tendencia sistémica a la homeóstasis y la homeorresis” y finalmente “la articulación de procesos de repulsión, atracción y repulsión en corto, medio y largo rango”.
Affordances and organizational functions
(Springer, 2023) Saborido Alejandro, Cristian; Heras Escribano, Manuel
In this paper, we bring together the concepts of affordance from ecological psychology and function from the organizational approach to philosophy of biology into a single integrative framework. This integration allows us to account for the biological basis of the notion of affordance, offering theoretical tools to address the normative interrelations between organisms and their environments.
Affordances and organizational functions
(Springer, 2023-02-09) Saborido Alejandro, Cristian; Heras Escribano, Manuel
In this paper, we bring together the concepts of affordance from ecological psychology and function from the organizational approach to philosophy of biology into a single integrative framework. This integration allows us to account for the biological basis of the notion of affordance, offering theoretical tools to address the normative interrelations between organisms and their environments.
Agreeing on a Norm: What Sort of Speech Act?
(Topoi, 2023-01-08) Corredor Lanas, María Cristina
What type of speech act is a norm of action, when the norm is agreed upon as the conclusion of an argumentative dialogue? My hypothesis is that, whenever a norm of action is the conclusion of an argument, it should be analyzed as the statement of a norm and thus as a verdictive speech act. If the context is appropriate, and the interlocutors are sincerely (or institutionally) committed to their argumentative exchange and its conclusion, then this verdictive motivates and institutes a new one with the force of an exercitive. The interlocutors’ recognition and acceptance that the new illocution has been performed lends the norm its exercitive force.
Alcaldes y Kurakas : origen y significado cultural de la fila de autoridades indígenas en Pisac (Calca, Cuzco) = Alcaldes et Kurakas. Origine et signification culturelle de la rangée d’autorités indiennes à Pisac (Calca, Pérou) = Alcaldes and Kurakas. The origins and cultural meaning of the line of indigenous authorities in Pisac (Calca, Cuzco)
(Ministère des Affaires Étrangères et Européennes (Perú), 2008-01-01) Pérez Galán, Beatriz
En este texto se discute sobre el origen y el significado sociocultural del sistema de autoridades tradicionales vigente en la actualidad en las comunidades indígenas del distrito de Pisac, Calca, Cuzco. Para ello se explora el proceso histórico de resignificación experimentado por estas autoridades andinas y se discute sobre su relación con el sistema hereditario de kurakazgos vigente durante todo el Periodo Colonial. La celebración de la festividad del Corpus en el pueblo de Pisac, una de las más antiguas y particularmente asociada a la población indígena en los Andes, es el hilo conductor seleccionado para ilustrar este proceso.
An algebraic view of super-Belnap logics. Studia Logica
(Springer Nature, 2017-07-28) Albuquerque, Hugo; Přenosil, Adam; Rivieccio, Umberto
The Belnap–Dunn logic (also known as First Degree Entailment, or FDE) is a well-known and well-studied four-valued logic, but until recently little has been known about its extensions, i.e. stronger logics in the same language, called super-Belnap logics here. We give an overview of several results on these logics which have been proved in recent works by Přenosil and Rivieccio. We present Hilbert-style axiomatizations, describe reduced matrix models, and give a description of the lattice of super-Belnap logics and its connections with graph theory. We adopt the point of view of Abstract Algebraic Logic, exploring applications of the general theory of algebraization of logics to the super-Belnap family. In this respect we establish a number of new results, including a description of the algebraic counterparts, Leibniz filters, and strong versions of super-Belnap logics, as well as the classification of these logics within the Leibniz and Frege hierarchies.

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