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2014-09-12
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
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Resumen
El 21 de diciembre de 1965, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas emitía una señal de alarma ante las constantes manifestaciones de discriminación racial y por las políticas gubernamentales basadas en la superioridad y el odio racial. De aquella asamblea surgió un Convenio por el que se condenaba toda la propaganda y toda organización basada en la superioridad de una raza o grupo de personas de un determinado color u origen étnico; declarando ilegales las actividades organizadas de propaganda, y cualquiera que promoviese la discriminación racial e incitara a ella. Un año después, el 16 de diciembre de 1966, la misma asamblea anunciaba otro pacto internacional por el que se prohibía toda propaganda en favor de la guerra, toda apología del odio nacional, racial o religioso que incitara a la discriminación, la hostilidad o la violencia. Ambos fueron aceptados y ratificados ampliamente en el panorama internacional, sin embargo, pasadas más de cuatro décadas continuamos entre cenit y nadir.
Desde entonces, el panorama helvético no ha sido ajeno a las manifestaciones de superioridad y odio. Su constatable histórica hospitalidad se ha visto doblegada en los últimos años; facilitada por un lado, por el escepticismo helvético en la aceptación del Derecho Internacional, y, por otro más influyente, ante la escalada de partidos políticos ultra conservadores, que a través de sus discursos y propaganda han logrado en numerosas ocasiones doblegar la voluntad del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y el propio nacional en contra de las minorías que consideran que desafían los valores histórico-culturales helvéticos.
On December 21 of 1965, the General Assembly of the United Nations sent out an alarm signal because of the constant manifestations of racial discrimination and because of the governmental policies based on racial superiority or hatred. Result of that assembly was an agreement which condemned all propaganda and all organisations based on the superiority of one race or groups of persons of a specific skin colour or ethnic origin. It declared as illegal all organised propaganda activities, and anyone that would promote the racial discrimination and incite to it. One year later, on December 16 of 1966, the same assembly announced another international agreement by which it prohibited any propaganda for war, any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that incites discrimination, hostility or violence. Both were widely accepted and internationally ratified. However, more than four decades later, we still stand between Zenith and Nadir. Also Switzerland was not immune to these manifestations of superiority and hatred. Its famous historical hospitality has been affected in recent years; on one hand, due to Swiss skepticism in accepting international law, and on the other, because of the rise of ultra conservative political parties, which, through their speeches and propaganda, have managed in numerous occasions, to incite against minorities by breaking the international law of human rights and the national law. Minorities, who they consider threatening to the Swiss cultural and historical values .
On December 21 of 1965, the General Assembly of the United Nations sent out an alarm signal because of the constant manifestations of racial discrimination and because of the governmental policies based on racial superiority or hatred. Result of that assembly was an agreement which condemned all propaganda and all organisations based on the superiority of one race or groups of persons of a specific skin colour or ethnic origin. It declared as illegal all organised propaganda activities, and anyone that would promote the racial discrimination and incite to it. One year later, on December 16 of 1966, the same assembly announced another international agreement by which it prohibited any propaganda for war, any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that incites discrimination, hostility or violence. Both were widely accepted and internationally ratified. However, more than four decades later, we still stand between Zenith and Nadir. Also Switzerland was not immune to these manifestations of superiority and hatred. Its famous historical hospitality has been affected in recent years; on one hand, due to Swiss skepticism in accepting international law, and on the other, because of the rise of ultra conservative political parties, which, through their speeches and propaganda, have managed in numerous occasions, to incite against minorities by breaking the international law of human rights and the national law. Minorities, who they consider threatening to the Swiss cultural and historical values .
Descripción
La versión registrada de este artículo, publicado por primera vez en Revista de Derecho Político, está disponible en línea en el sitio web del editor: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.90.2014.13162
The registered version of this article, first published in Revista de Derecho Político, is available online at the publisher's website: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.90.2014.13162
The registered version of this article, first published in Revista de Derecho Político, is available online at the publisher's website: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.90.2014.13162
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Democracia participativa, ius cogens, discurso de odio, propaganda, velo islámico, Participative democracy, hate speech, Islamic hijab
Citación
Martín-Herrera, D. (2014). Hate speech y tolerancia religiosa en el sistema helvético de democracia participativa. Revista de Derecho Político, 90, 249–284. https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.90.2014.13162
Centro
Facultad de Derecho
Departamento
Historia del Derecho y de las Instituciones