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Micro-Raman spectroscopy of rock paintings from the Galb Budarga and Tuama Budarga rock shelters, Western Sahara

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dc.contributor.authorIriarte, Mercedes
dc.contributor.authorHernanz, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorSáenz de Buruaga, Andoni
dc.contributor.authorGavira Vallejo, José María
dc.contributor.authorMartín Fernández, Santiago
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-20T11:18:33Z
dc.date.available2024-05-20T11:18:33Z
dc.date.issued2018-03
dc.description.abstractRock paintings of two recent discovered rock shelters, Galb Budarga and Tuama Budarga, from the southeastern area of the Western Sahara, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, have been studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry in order to characterize the composition of the materials present in the painting panels. An unusual white pigment has been used in the zoomorphic pictographs of the Galb Budarga shelter which main components are the anhydrite (CaSO4) polymorphs I and II. Red and orange zoomorphic figures and ancient Berber scripts have been painted in the Tuama Budarga rock shelter. Haematite (α-Fe2O3) is the main component of the paints used; amorphous carbon and different manganese oxides have also been detected. Accretions of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and anhydrite have been observed on the shelter wall used to paint. α-Quartz (α-SiO2), albite (NaAlSi3O8), dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2, calcite (CaCO3) and traces of hydroxylapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) have been identified in the rocks supporting the paintings of both sites. Layers of calcium oxalates, whewellite (CaC2O4·H2O) and weddellite (CaC2O4·(2 + x)H2O, x ≤ 0.5) cover the pictorial panels of these rock shelters. A microestratrigraphic study of the paint used in the Tuama Budarga shelter revealed that the pigment layer is bracketed between oxalate layers.en
dc.description.versionversión final
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.microc.2017.10.019
dc.identifier.issn1095-9149
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/11619
dc.journal.titleMicrochemical Journal
dc.journal.volume137
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.centerFacultades y escuelas::Facultad de Ciencias
dc.relation.departmentCiencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subject.keywordsRock art painting
dc.subject.keywordsMicro-Raman spectroscopy
dc.subject.keywordsHaematite
dc.subject.keywordsAnhydrite
dc.titleMicro-Raman spectroscopy of rock paintings from the Galb Budarga and Tuama Budarga rock shelters, Western Saharaes
dc.typeartículoes
dc.typejournal articleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
person.familyNameGavira Vallejo
person.familyNameMartín Fernández
person.givenNameJosé María
person.givenNameSantiago
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6037-5731
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione90dc241-289d-4e80-afd8-cde46576afe0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication8bd677d1-0ba9-4d4d-9e12-6f79a5ef2f48
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye90dc241-289d-4e80-afd8-cde46576afe0
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