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2025
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Este proyecto, denominado RiegoIoT, ha sido desarrollado para lograr un uso eficiente del agua en un entorno rural, específicamente en una plantación agrícola ubicada a 200 metros de una zona residencial.
El objetivo del trabajo es diseñar un sistema que permita gestionar el riego de manera automática y manual, optimizando la cantidad de agua utilizada y facilitando la supervisión remota de las zonas de cultivo. Para ello, se han empleado redes LPWAN y tecnologías del Internet de las Cosas (IoT), priorizando el uso de nodos capaces de comunicarse a largas distancias con un bajo consumo de batería.
En el desarrollo del sistema, se han integrado microcontroladores que actúan como nodos encargados de capturar valores ambientales, transmitirlos y recibir instrucciones para activar los actuadores responsables del riego. Para la recopilación de datos, estos nodos cuentan con sensores de temperatura y humedad, lo que permite monitorear las condiciones de las zonas de cultivo en tiempo real.
La tecnología de comunicación inalámbrica seleccionada es LPWAN, ya que permite la transmisión de datos a largas distancias con un consumo energético reducido. Dado que el tamaño de los paquetes de datos enviados es pequeño y la frecuencia de transmisión es baja, se prioriza la eficiencia energética como un aspecto clave del proyecto.
La aplicación ha sido desarrollada como una plataforma web de uso gratuito y adaptable a distintos dispositivos, como ordenadores y teléfonos inteligentes. Su lógica permite gestionar cultivos rotativos, almacenar los valores ambientales recibidos desde los nodos IoT y obtener datos atmosféricos de la AEMET a través de su API, utilizando únicamente como parámetro la ubicación del municipio donde se encuentra la parcela de cultivo.
El funcionamiento del sistema comienza con un nodo IoT ubicado en la zona de cultivo, que recopila datos ambientales y los transmite mediante comunicación LoRa a un nodo intermedio que también posee conexión WiFi, encargado de enviar la información a la aplicación RiegoIoT. Una vez almacenados los valores en la base de datos, el sistema se conecta a la API de la AEMET para obtener pronósticos atmosféricos de la región. A partir de estos datos, la lógica de la aplicación evalúa las condiciones y toma decisiones sobre el riego.
This project, called RiegoIoT, has been developed to achieve efficient water use in a rural environment, specifically on an agricultural plantation located 200 meters from a residential area. The objective of this work is to design a system that allows irrigation to be managed automatically and manually, optimizing the amount of water used and facilitating remote monitoring of the cultivation areas. For this, LPWAN networks and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have been used, prioritizing the use of nodes capable of communicating over long distances with low battery consumption. In the development of the system, microcontrollers have been integrated that act as nodes responsible for capturing environmental values, transmitting them and receiving instructions to activate the actuators responsible for irrigation. For data collection, these nodes have temperature and humidity sensors, which allow real-time monitoring of the conditions in the growing areas. The wireless communication technology selected is LPWAN, as it allows data transmission over long distances with reduced energy consumption. Since the size of the data packets sent is small and the transmission frequency low, energy efficiency is prioritized as a key aspect of the project. The application has been developed as a free web platform adaptable to different devices, such as computers and smartphones. Its logic allows managing rotational crops, storing the environmental values received from IoT nodes and obtaining atmospheric data from AEMET through its API, using only as parameter the location of the municipality where the crop plot is located. The system starts operating with an IoT node located in the cultivation area, which collects environmental data and transmits it via LoRa communication to an intermediate node that also has WiFi connection, responsible for sending the information to the RiegoIoT application. Once the values are stored in the database, the system connects to the AEMET API to obtain atmospheric forecasts for the region. Based on this data, the application logic evaluates conditions and makes decisions about irrigation.
This project, called RiegoIoT, has been developed to achieve efficient water use in a rural environment, specifically on an agricultural plantation located 200 meters from a residential area. The objective of this work is to design a system that allows irrigation to be managed automatically and manually, optimizing the amount of water used and facilitating remote monitoring of the cultivation areas. For this, LPWAN networks and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have been used, prioritizing the use of nodes capable of communicating over long distances with low battery consumption. In the development of the system, microcontrollers have been integrated that act as nodes responsible for capturing environmental values, transmitting them and receiving instructions to activate the actuators responsible for irrigation. For data collection, these nodes have temperature and humidity sensors, which allow real-time monitoring of the conditions in the growing areas. The wireless communication technology selected is LPWAN, as it allows data transmission over long distances with reduced energy consumption. Since the size of the data packets sent is small and the transmission frequency low, energy efficiency is prioritized as a key aspect of the project. The application has been developed as a free web platform adaptable to different devices, such as computers and smartphones. Its logic allows managing rotational crops, storing the environmental values received from IoT nodes and obtaining atmospheric data from AEMET through its API, using only as parameter the location of the municipality where the crop plot is located. The system starts operating with an IoT node located in the cultivation area, which collects environmental data and transmits it via LoRa communication to an intermediate node that also has WiFi connection, responsible for sending the information to the RiegoIoT application. Once the values are stored in the database, the system connects to the AEMET API to obtain atmospheric forecasts for the region. Based on this data, the application logic evaluates conditions and makes decisions about irrigation.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
LoRa, IoT, LPWAN, MQTT, Arduino, ESP32
Citación
González Siverio, Gustavo. Trabajo Fin de Máster: "Aplicación LoRa para gestión de regadío". Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2025
Centro
E.T.S. de Ingeniería Informática