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2025-10-02
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Introducción: El suicidio adolescente es un problema de salud pública prioritario. El contexto escolar desempeña un papel esencial para la prevención, la detección precoz y la intervención temprana. Este Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura científica reciente sobre ideación y conducta suicida en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria, aportando un marco de referencia útil para la comunidad educativa.
Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la Declaración PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en Scopus y Web of Science, seleccionando estudios empíricos publicados entre 2022 y 2025, en acceso abierto, en español o inglés, con muestras de adolescentes escolarizados y publicados en revistas Q1 o Q2 (JCR). Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 49 estudios fueron finalmente incluidos.
Resultados: Se confirmó el creciente interés internacional por este problema y el predominio de estudios transversales basados en autoinformes. Los factores de riesgo identificados incluyen depresión, ansiedad, bullying, ciberbullying, uso problemático de internet y hábitos de vida insalubres; entre los factores protectores destacan la resiliencia, el sentido de la vida, el apoyo social y el sentido de pertenencia escolar. La evidencia sobre programas de prevención o intervención en entornos escolares es escasa.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos constituyen una base sólida para diseñar estrategias escolares de prevención e intervención, combinando programas universales, selectivos e indicados; integrando recursos educativos, sanitarios y comunitarios; y reforzando la formación del personal educativo. Se identifican vacíos relevantes que requieren investigación futura, como la falta de estudios longitudinales y experimentales, la escasa representación geográfica fuera de Asia y EEUU, la ausencia de modelos explicativos integradores y la limitada evidencia en subpoblaciones de alto riesgo. Estos avances son esenciales para orientar políticas educativas y de salud mental que resulten eficaces.
Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a priority public health issue. The school context plays an essential role in prevention, early detection, and timely intervention. This Master’s Thesis aims to analyse recent scientific literature on suicidal ideation and behaviour in secondary school students, providing a useful reference framework for the educational community. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 Statement. The search was carried out in Scopus and Web of Science, selecting empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025, in open access, in Spanish or English, involving samples of schoolattending adolescents and published in Q1 or Q2 journals (JCR). After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 49 studies were finally included. Results: Findings confirmed the growing international interest in this problem and the predominance of cross-sectional studies based on self-reports. Identified risk factors include depression, anxiety, bullying, cyberbullying, problematic internet use, and unhealthy lifestyle habits; protective factors include resilience, sense of purpose, social support, and school belonging. Evidence on prevention or intervention programs in school settings is scarce. Conclusion: The findings provide a solid foundation for designing school-based prevention and intervention strategies, combining universal, selective, and indicated programs; integrating educational, health, and community resources; and strengthening teacher training. Relevant gaps requiring further research include the lack of longitudinal and experimental studies, the limited geographic representation outside Asia and the US, the absence of integrative explanatory models, and the limited evidence in high-risk subpopulations. These advances are essential to guide effective educational and mental health policies.
Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a priority public health issue. The school context plays an essential role in prevention, early detection, and timely intervention. This Master’s Thesis aims to analyse recent scientific literature on suicidal ideation and behaviour in secondary school students, providing a useful reference framework for the educational community. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 Statement. The search was carried out in Scopus and Web of Science, selecting empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025, in open access, in Spanish or English, involving samples of schoolattending adolescents and published in Q1 or Q2 journals (JCR). After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 49 studies were finally included. Results: Findings confirmed the growing international interest in this problem and the predominance of cross-sectional studies based on self-reports. Identified risk factors include depression, anxiety, bullying, cyberbullying, problematic internet use, and unhealthy lifestyle habits; protective factors include resilience, sense of purpose, social support, and school belonging. Evidence on prevention or intervention programs in school settings is scarce. Conclusion: The findings provide a solid foundation for designing school-based prevention and intervention strategies, combining universal, selective, and indicated programs; integrating educational, health, and community resources; and strengthening teacher training. Relevant gaps requiring further research include the lack of longitudinal and experimental studies, the limited geographic representation outside Asia and the US, the absence of integrative explanatory models, and the limited evidence in high-risk subpopulations. These advances are essential to guide effective educational and mental health policies.
Descripción
Máster Universitario en Innovación e Investigación en Educación. Módulo 3: Investigación e Innovación en Diagnóstico y Orientación.
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
Ideación suicida, Conducta suicida, Educación Secundaria, Adolescencia, Factores de riesgo y protección, Suicidal ideation, Suicidal behaviour, Secondary education, Adolescence, Risk and protective factors
Citación
Borrego Cabezas, Gloria (2025). Ideación y conducta suicida en estudiantes de educación secundaria: una revisión sistemática. Trabajo de Fin de Máster. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED).
Centro
Facultad de Educación
Departamento
Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación II (Orientación Educativa, Diagnóstico e Intervención Psicopedagógica)