Persona:
Orenes Casanova, Isabel

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0000-0002-8677-2399
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Orenes Casanova
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Isabel
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2021 - 20245
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Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    “Looking at” Negation: Faster Processing for Symbolic Rather Than Iconic Representations
    (Springer, 2021) Orenes Casanova, Isabel
    Many studies have shown the double processing of negation, suggesting that negation integration into sentence meaning is delayed. This contrasts with some researches that have found that such integration is rather immediate. The present study contributes to this debate. Affirmative and negative compound sentences (e.g., “because he was not hungry, he did not order a salad”) were presented orally in a visual world paradigm while four printed words were on the screen: salad, no salad, soup, and no soup. The eye-tracking data showed two different fixation patterns for negative causal assertions, which are linked to differences in the representation and inferential demands. One indicates that negation is integrated immediately, as people look at the explicit negation (e.g., no salad) very early. The other, in which people look at the alternate (e.g., soup) much later, indicates that what is delayed in time is the representation of the alternate. These results support theories that combine iconic and symbolic representations, such as the model theory.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Illusory inferences in conditional expressions
    (Springer, 2024-04-30) Espino, Orlando; Orenes Casanova, Isabel; Moreno Rios, Sergio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-3643; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-207X
    A robber points a gun at a cashier and says: “Only one of these two options is true: If you conceal the combination to the safe, then I kill you; otherwise, if you don´t conceal the combination to the safe, then I kill you.” Hearing this statement, most people conclude that, in either case, “I kill you.” This is an illusory response, in fact; the valid conclusion states “I don´t kill you.” The research reported here studied the roles that different expressions of conditionals (“if-then,” “only if,” and “if and only if”) play in the illusory response. Three experiments show that participants inferred the conclusion “I kill you” from the conditional “if-then” and “I may or may not kill you” from the conditional “only if,” while selecting both options with similar frequency for the biconditional “if and only if.” These results shed light on the main theories of deductive reasoning.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Inducing strategies to solve a mental rotation task is possible: evidence from a sex-related eye-tracking analysis
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-12-08) Fernández Méndez, Laura María; Cepero Amores, Laura; Orenes Casanova, Isabel; Prieto Lara, Antonio; Rodán, Antonio; Montoro, Pedro R; Mayas Arellano, Julia; Cabestrero Alonso, Raúl; Contreras Alcalde, María José
    The study of spatial skills is gaining importance due to their relevance in everyday activities and their critical role in developing competencies across various academic disciplines. The main goal of this study was to explore whether mental rotation strategies, such as the so-called holistic –rotating an entire object- and piecemeal –rotating individual parts of the object- approaches, can be induced, and whether sex differences emerge during the process of strategy induction. This objective holds a pivotal role as it could lead to the enhancement of mental rotation abilities and the development of effective interventions. To achieve this, a mental rotation task was conducted while eye movements were recorded. In the first block, participants solved the task freely, while in the second block, they received instructions to solve it through either a holistic (42 participants) or a piecemeal (43 participants) strategy in a between-subjects design. In both strategies, participants showed better performance in the second block compared to the first. Males outperformed females. The holistic strategy resulted in faster reaction times in the second block. The number of fixations and saccadic movements decreased in the second block compared to the first for the holistic strategy, while the piecemeal strategy exhibited the opposite ocular pattern. These results indicate that effective mental rotation strategies were successfully elicited. No sex differences were found in the analyzed eye movement variables.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Factores afectivos y cognitivos que dificultan las relaciones bancarias de consumidores económicamente vulnerables
    (Emerald, 2022-04-06) Fernández Olit, Beatriz; Cuesta González, Marta María de la; Orenes Casanova, Isabel; Paredes Gázquez, Juan Diego
    El objetivo de este artículo es explorar los factores afectivos y cognitivos que condicionan las relaciones bancarias de los consumidores económicamente vulnerables y cómo estos factores contribuyen a aumentar las dificultades financieras y la exclusión. Esta investigación, realizada en un conjunto de grupos focales, basa sus hallazgos en una combinación de métodos experimentales y de análisis del discurso. Las decisiones financieras no son racionales y pueden estar sesgadas por factores afectivos y cognitivos. Las finanzas conductuales se han centrado muy poco en analizar cómo los sesgos del consumidor influyen en las relaciones con las instituciones bancarias. Adicionalmente, estas relaciones se ven afectadas por la digitalización y transformación del negocio bancario. Así, en el caso de consumidores económicamente vulnerables, que no son rentables para la cada vez más competitiva industria bancaria y carecen de capacidades financieras, su riesgo de exclusión financiera es cada vez mayor. Los resultados muestran que la desconfianza y la vergüenza conducen a dificultades financieras en consumidores económicamente vulnerables. La desconfianza genera problemas de acceso y autoexclusión, mientras que la vergüenza genera dificultades de uso. Esta falta de confianza les hace más racionales en el trato con las máquinas que con las personas, mostrando mayores dificultades bancarias para los consumidores con perfil “persona-sospechoso”. Este hallazgo puede ayudar a los reguladores a establecer límites en el comportamiento bancario, exigir a los bancos que incorporen factores afectivos y cognitivos en sus pruebas de conveniencia y detectar nuevas variables que puedan ayudarlos a mejorar sus índices de insolvencia y reputación.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Executive Functions and Improvement of Thinking: An Intervention Program to Enhance Deductive Reasoning Abilities
    (Cambridge Unitervisity Press, 2022-12-15) García Madruga, Juan Antonio; Orenes Casanova, Isabel; Vila Chaves, José Óscar; Gómez Veiga, Isabel; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
    Empirical and theoretical advances and application to society are moved at different speed. Application work is frequently developed later because it requires the integration of knowledge from different research areas. In the present paper, we integrate literature coming from diverse areas of research in order to design a deductive reasoning intervention, based on the involved executive functions. Executive functions include working memory (WM)’s online executive processes and other off-line functions such as task revising and planning. Deductive reasoning is a sequential thinking process driven by reasoners’ meta-deductive knowledge and goals that requires the construction and manipulation of representations. We present a new theoretical view about the relationship between executive function and higher-level thinking, a critical analysis of the possibilities and limitations of cognitive training, and a metacognitive training procedure on executive functions to improve deductive reasoning. This procedure integrates direct instruction on deduction and meta-deductive concepts (consistency, necessity) and strategies (search for counterexamples and exhaustivity), together with the simultaneous training of WM and executive functions involved: Focus and switch attention, update WM representations, inhibit and revise intuitive responses, and control the emotional stress yielded by tasks. Likewise, it includes direct training of some complex WM tasks that demands people to carry out similar cognitive assignment than deduction. Our training program would be included in the school curriculum and attempts not only to improve deductive reasoning in experimental tasks, but also to increase students’ ability to uncover fallacies in discourse, to automatize some basic logical skills, and to be able to use logical intuitions.