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Martínez Huertas, José Ángel

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0000-0002-6700-6832
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Martínez Huertas
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José Ángel
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2018 - 201952020 - 202536
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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 41
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    Longitudinal Correlates of Loneliness and Psychological Distress During the Lockdown Situation due to COVID-19. Effects of Age and Self-Perceptions of Aging
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-06-13) Losada Baltar, Andrés; Jiménez Gonzalo, Lucía; Pedroso Chaparro, María del Sequeros; Gallego Alberto, Laura; Fernandes Pires, José; Márquez González, María; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    To longitudinally analyze the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress in people exposed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown, exploring the effects of age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA). Methods: A longitudinal follow-up of 1,549 participants was carried out at four different time points during the lockdown in Spain. Questions about the risk of COVID-19, age, SPA, family and personal resources, loneliness, and psychological distress were measured. Results: Changes in loneliness showed a linear longitudinal trajectory through time, but changes in psychological distress showed a U-shaped relationship with time. Age was a relevant predictor of differences in distress, with older people reporting less psychological distress. Change in both dependent variables was related to change in different predictors like family and personal variables and also to negative SPA. Discussion: In a stressful situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults may be more resilient to adverse mental health outcomes by using more adaptive resources that strengthen their resilience. Support is provided for the importance of stereotyped views of the aging process that, independently of chronological age, may put people at risk of suffering adverse mental health outcomes such as loneliness and psychological distress in times of crisis.
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    Adaptation of a scale of Socioemotional Skills for teachers of Early Childhood, Primary and Secondary Education
    (Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia & MIDE, 2023-04-03) Soria Aldavero, Esther; Rodríguez Navarro, Henar; Montero García-Celay, Ignacio; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    Este trabajo realiza un análisis factorial exploratorio de los datos recogidos por cuestionario en una muestra de 254 maestros y 233 profesores de la provincia de Soria (España) sobre el Factor Socioemocional de la escala ECAD-EP, diseñada originalmente para evaluar competencialmente patrones y perfiles docentes de educación primaria. Mediante análisis paralelo, comparación de modelos y estudio de la estructura factorial, se adapta la utilización de la escala para el colectivo de maestros (tanto en la muestra de primaria original como en la ahora incluida de infantil) y de profesores de secundaria, ampliando así sus oportunidades formativo-reflexivas en el proceso de autoevaluación y mejora docente. Se obtienen, además, resultados que evidencian una estructura subyacente de tres factores y una diferencia por colectivo docente en los factores 2 (Autoeficacia instruccional y emocional) y 3 (Dinamización del trabajo colaborativo). Por otro lado, no aparecen diferencias entre colectivos docentes en el factor 1 (Respeto a la diversidad), ni tampoco diferencias de género en ninguno de los tres factores. Se consideran las implicaciones para el diseño de modalidades formativo-reflexivas de estrategias diferenciales para los variados niveles de desempeño docente.
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    Strong versus weak embodiment: Spatial iconicity in physical, abstract, and social semantic categories
    (Wiley, 2023-10) León, José A.; Moreno, D.; Martín, L. A; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    Background Perceptual and action systems seem to be related to complex cognitive processes, but the scope of grounded or embodied cognition has been questioned. Zwaan and Yaxley (2003) proposed that cognitive processes of making semantic relatedness judgments can be facilitated when word pairs are presented in ways that their referents maintain their iconic configuration rather than their reverse-iconic configuration (the spatial iconicity effect). This effect has been observed in different semantic categories using specific experiments, but it is known that embodiment is highly dependent on task demands. Method The present study analyzed the spatial iconicity effect in three semantic categories (physical, abstract, and social) using the same experimental criteria to determine the scope of embodied cognition. In this reaction-time experiment, 75 participants judged the semantic relatedness of 384 word pairs whose experimental items were presented in their iconic or reverse-iconic configurations. Results Two mixed-effects models with crossed random effects revealed that the interaction between word meaning and spatial position was present only for physical concepts but neither for abstract nor social concepts. Conclusions Within the framework of strong and weak embodiment theories, the data support weak embodiment theory as the most explicative one.
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    Un Estudio sobre la Competencia Lectora en Adultos con Discapacidad Intelectual y del Desarrollo ante Textos con Contenidos de Clínica y Salud
    (Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2018) León, José A.; Jastrzebska, Olga; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el nivel de la competencia lectora en personas adultas con Discapacidad Intelectual y del Desarrollo (PcDID) en la Comunidad de Madrid ante textos clínicos de diferente complejidad léxica y semántica. Participaron un total de 61 personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual y 31 estudiantes universitarios del último curso de grado como grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que las PcDID mejoran su rendimiento en tareas de comprensión lectora cuando se dispone del tiempo y apoyos necesarios. Así, si se dispone de una mayor cantidad de tiempo, el rendimiento de una parte importante de las PcDID mejora considerablemente, consiguiendo en algunos casos aproximarse al rendimiento de los estudiantes universitarios. El nivel de escolarización de las PcDID fue determinante en su rendimiento en las distintas pruebas.
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    Emotional distress among older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak: understanding the longitudinal psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Wiley, 2021-10-29) López, Javier; Pérez Rojo, Gema; Noriega, Cristina; Velasco, Cristina; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    Background Older adults have proven their ability to overcome adversities throughout their life. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adultsʼ psychological distress (anxiety and depression) over time. Methods A community-dwelling Spaniard population (N = 192) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics, appraisal and personal resources. Older adults took part in a longitudinal online survey collected in April 2020 (during the lockdown restrictions) and at two subsequent time points 3 and 9 months after baseline (without lockdown restrictions and during the third wave of the pandemic respectively). Results Older adults did not evidence higher emotional distress than during the initial lockdown. Furthermore, depression remained stable and anxiety significantly decreased. Results also suggest that some sociodemographic characteristics, appraisals and personal resources are relevant. Older participants showed less anxiety than younger ones. Furthermore, being a male, resilience, and acceptance were related with the decrease of anxiety. Otherwise, fear of the COVID-19 outbreak and depression were related with the increase of anxiety. Conclusion Older adults may adapt to the adverse pandemic impact by using more adaptive resources that reduce their distress. Efforts to ameliorate older adults' anxiety by focusing on older adults' personal resources should be considered.
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    FoCo: una aplicación Shiny para la evaluación formativa usando modelos de diagnóstico cognitivo
    (Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2023-05-03) Sanz, Susana; Nájera, Pablo; Moreno, José David; Sorrel, M. A.; Schames Kreitchmann, Rodrigo; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    La combinación de evaluaciones formativas y sumativas podría mejorar la evaluación. El modelado de diagnóstico cognitivo (MDC) se ha propuesto para diagnosticar fortalezas y debilidades de estudiantes en la evaluación formativa. Sin embargo, ningún software permite implementarlo fácilmente. Así, se ha desarrollado FoCo (https://foco.shinyapps.io/FoCo/), permitiendo realizar análisis MDC y teoría clásica de tests. Se analizaron respuestas de 86 estudiantes de grado a un examen de métodos de investigación, diagnosticándose sus fortalezas y necesidades en cuanto a su dominio de los contenidos de la asignatura y las tres primeras competencias de la taxonomía de Bloom y se analizó la validez de los resultados. El análisis ha sido informativo, ya que para estudiantes con puntuaciones similares ha sido posible detectar diferentes fortalezas y debilidades. Además, se encontró que estos atributos predicen criterios relevantes. Se espera que FoCo facilite el uso de MDC en contextos educativos.
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    Burnout and Quality of Life in Professionals Working in Nursing Homes: The Moderating Effect of Stereotypes
    (Frontiers Media, 2022-03-04) López Frutos, Patricia; Pérez Rojo, Gema; Noriega, Cristina; Velasco, Cristina; Carretero, Isabel; Galarraga Cristobal, Leyre; López, Javier; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
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    Psychological well-being among older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak: a comparative study of the young–old and the old–old adults
    (Cambridge University Press, 2020-05-22) López, J.; Pérez Rojo, Gema; Noriega, Cristina; Carretero, Isabel; Velasco, Cristina; López Frutos, Patricia; Galarraga Cristobal, Leyre; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    The COVID-19 outbreak could be considered as an uncontrollable stressful life event. Lockdown measures have provoked a disruption of daily life with a great impact over older adults’ health and well-being. Nevertheless, eudaimonic well‐being plays a protective role in confronting adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to assess the association between age and psychological well-being (personal growth and purpose in life). Young–old (60–70 years) and old–old (71–80 years) community- dwelling Spaniards (N = 878) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their levels of health, COVID-19 stress-related, appraisal, and personal resources. Old–old did not evidence poorer psychological well-being than young–old. Age has only a negative impact on personal growth. The results also suggest that the nature of the COVID-19 impact (except for the loss of a loved one) may not be as relevant for the older adults’ well-being as their appraisals and personal resources for managing COVID- related problems. In addition, these results suggest that some sociodemographic and health-related variables have an impact on older adults’ well-being. Thus, perceived-health, family functioning, resilience, gratitude, and acceptance had significant associations with both personal growth and purpose in life. Efforts to address older adults’ psychological well-being focusing on older adults’ personal resources should be considered
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    Quantum projections on conceptual subspaces
    (Elsevier, 2023-12) Jorge Botana, Guillermo de; Olmos Albacete, Ricardo; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel; Martínez Mingo, Alejandro
    One of the main challenges of cognitive science is to explain the representation of conceptual knowledge and the mechanisms involved in evaluating the similarities between these representations. Theories that attempt to explain this phenomenon should account for the fact that conceptual knowledge is not static. In line with this thinking, many studies suggest that the representation of a concept changes depending on context. Traditionally, concepts have been studied as vectors within a geometric space, sometimes called Semantic-Vector Space Models (S-VSMs). However, S-VSMs have certain limitations in emulating human biases or context effects when the similarity of concepts is judged. Such limitations are related to the use of a classical geometric approach that represents a concept as a point in space. Recently, some theories have proposed the use of sequential projections of subspaces based on Quantum Probability Theory (Busemeyer and Bruza, 2012; Pothos et al., 2013). They argue that this theoretical approach may facilitate accounting for human similarity biases and context effects in a more natural way. More specifically, Pothos and Busemeyer (2011) proposed the Quantum Similarity Model (QSM) to determine expectation in conceptual spaces in a non-monotonic logic frame. To the best of our knowledge, previous data-driven studies have used the QSM subspaces in a unidimensional way. In this paper, we present a data-driven method to generate these conceptual subspaces in a multidimensional manner using a traditional S-VSM. We present an illustration of the method taking Tversky’s classical examples to explain the effects of Asymmetry, Triangular Inequality, and the Diagnosticity by means of sequential projections of those conceptual subspaces.
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    Mixed-effects models with crossed random effects for multivariate longitudinal data
    (['Taylor and Francis Group', 'Routledge'], 2022-09-20) Ferrer, Emilio; Martínez Huertas, José Ángel
    Multivariate models for longitudinal data attempt to examine change in multiple variables as well as their interrelations over time. In this study, we present a Mixed-Effects Model with Crossed Random effects (MEM-CR) for individuals and variables, and compare it with two existing structural equation models for multivariate longitudinal data, namely the Curve-of-Factor-Scores (CUFFS) and the Factor-of-Curve-Scores (FOCUS). We compare these models in two types of longitudinal studies based on balanced and unbalanced data: panel studies and cohort-sequential designs, respectively. We illustrate the performance of these statistical techniques using empirical data from two studies (MHS, a panel study, and NLSY79, a cohort-sequential design) with discrete and continuous time metric modeling, respectively. We conclude that MEMs-CR provide relevant information about the developmental trajectories of individuals and variables in multivariate longitudinal data under either type of data condition. We discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of our findings.