Persona: Lã, Filipa M.B.
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filipa.la@edu.uned.es
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0000-0001-5560-7406
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Lã
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Filipa M.B.
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Publicación Professional male singers’ formant strategies for the vowel /a/(Taylor & Francis, 2011-11-15) Sundberg, Johan; Gill, Brian P.; Lã, Filipa M.B.Certain spectrum characteristics have been identified as important for register equalization around the male passaggio, an effect ascribed to formant tuning although descriptions of formant tuning diverge. Eight professional singers sang scales including their passaggio range on different vowels, applying two formant tuning strategies as found in (Citation) classical and (Citation) non-classical singing. Formant frequencies were measured using inverse filtering. Results revealed differences between the two strategies. For the classical formant tuning, systematic changes of formant frequencies with pitch were observed. For the highest note sung on /a/, was below the second partial and in the vicinity of the third. Similar spectrum characteristics were achieved by different and values between singers.Publicación Glottal airflow and glottal area waveform characteristics of flow phonation in untrained vocally healthy adults(Elsevier, 2022-01) Patel, Rita R.; Sundberg, Johan; Gill, Brian P.; Lã, Filipa M.B.Objective To examine flow phonation characteristics with regard to vocal fold vibration and voice source properties in vocally healthy adults using multimodality voice measurements across various phonation types (breathy, neutral, flow, and pressed) and loudness conditions (typical, loud, and soft). Participants and Methods Vocal fold vibration, airflow, acoustic, and subglottal pressure was analyzed in 13 untrained voices (six female and seven male). Participants repeated the syllable / pæ:/ using breathy, neutral, flow, and pressed phonation during typical, loud, and soft loudness conditions. Glottal area (GA) waveforms were extracted from high-speed videoendoscopy; glottal flow was derived from inverse filtering the airflow or the audio signal; and subglottal pressure was measured as the intraoral pressure during /p/ occlusion. Results Changes in phonation type and loudness conditions resulted in systematic variations across the relative peak closing velocity derived from the GA waveform for both males and females. Amplitude quotient derived from the flow glottogram varied across phonation types for males. Conclusion Multimodality evaluation using the GA waveform and the inverse filtered waveforms revealed a complex pattern that varied as a function of phonation types and loudness conditions across males and females. Emerging findings from this study suggests that future large-scale studies should focus on spatial and temporal features of closing speed and closing duration for differentiating flow phonation from other phonation types in untrained adults with and without voice disorders.Publicación Intonation and Expressivity: A Single Case Study of Classical Western Singing(Elsevier, 2013-05) Sundberg, Johan; Himonides, Evangelos; Lã, Filipa M.B.Previous studies have shown that singers tend to sharpen phrase-peak tones as compared with equally tempered tuning (ETT). Here we test the hypothesis that this can serve the purpose of musical expressivity. Data were drawn from earlier recordings, where a professional baritone sang excerpts as void of musical expression as he could (Neutral) and as expressive as in a concert (Concert). Fundamental frequency averaged over tones was examined and compared with ETT. Phrase-peak tones were sharper in excited examples, particularly in the Concert versions. These tones were flattened to ETT using the Melodyne software. The manipulated and original versions were presented pairwise to a musician panel that was asked to choose the more expressive version. By and large, the original versions were perceived as more expressive, thus supporting the common claim that intonation is a means for adding expressivity to a performance.Publicación Female Voice-Related Sexual Attractiveness to Males: Does it Vary With Different Degrees of Conception Likelihood?(Elsevier, 2023-05) Granqvist, Svante; Cova, Tania; Pais, Alberto C.; Polo Cano, Nuria; Lã, Filipa M.B.Previous investigations have found that female voice-related attractiveness to males increases when both conception likelihood (CL) and voice fundamental frequency (fo) are elevated. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a perceptual experiment where 78 heterosexual males rated sexual attractiveness of 9 female voice samples, recorded at menstrual, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle under two double-blinded randomly allocated conditions: a natural menstrual cycle (placebo condition) and when using an oral contraceptive pill (OCP condition). The voice samples yielded a total of 54 stimuli that were visually sorted and rated using Visor software. Concentrations of estrogens, progesterone and testosterone were analyzed, and measurements of speaking fundamental frequency (sfo) and its standard deviation (sfoSD), fo derivative (dfo) and fo slope were made. A multilevel ordinal logistic regression model nested in listeners and in females, and adjusted by phase and condition, was carried out to assess the association between ratings and: (1) phases and conditions; (2) sex steroid hormonal concentrations; and (3) voice parameters. A high probability of obtaining high ratings of voice sexual attractiveness was found for: (1) menstrual phase of placebo use and follicular phase of OCP use; (2) for low estradiol to progesterone ratio and testosterone concentrations; and (3) for low dfo. The latter showed a moderate statistical association with ratings of high attractiveness, as compared with the small association found for the remaining variables. It seems that the voice is a weak cue for female CL. Female sexual attraction to males may be a consequence of what females do in order to regulate their extended sexuality across the menstrual cycle rather than of estrus cues, the use of paralinguistic speech patterns being an example.Publicación Self-Perceived Voice Handicap During COVID19 Compulsory Facemask Use: A Comparative Study Between Portuguese and Spanish Speakers(Elsevier, 2024-08-02) Polo Cano, Nuria; Lã, Filipa M.B.This study investigates self-perceptions of voice-related handicap as a function of facemask use in the general working population during the COVID19 outbreak, using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Each VHI item was answered twice in a row; the first answer referred to the condition of not wearing a facemask (henceforth, the Without condition) and the second to the condition of using a facemask (henceforth, the With condition). VHI scores were collected via Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, California), targeting 2 groups of speakers of different nationalities, Portuguese (n = 261) and Spanish (n = 297). A Wilcoxon test was carried out to compare VHI scores between With and Without conditions for each group of speakers; a Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups within each condition. Results suggested that VHI overall scores and scores for all dimensions were higher for the With condition, for both Portuguese and Spanish speakers. When comparing groups of speakers, Spanish speakers presented higher scores for functional and emotional dimensions, for both With and Without conditions. In addition, the overall score for the Without condition was higher for Spanish speakers. No differences between groups were found for the total VHI score for the With condition. When comparing overall VHIdiff between speakers, that is, the difference in the VHI total score between With and Without conditions, no significant differences could be found. Thus, a multiple regression analysis was carried out between the VHIdiff and the independent variables of interest: age, sex, smoking habits, professional occupation, nationality, facemask type and its hours of use. The resulting model providing the highest association suggested that 2.5% of the variation in overall VHIdiff total score could be associated with sex, smoking habits, and professional level. Female smokers who use their voices during prolonged hours at work (e.g., teachers, lawyers, sales people) presented a higher VHI total score when wearing a mask. Future voice-related health interventions should address preventive strategies towards speaking behaviors leading to vocal fatigue and vocal effort as a consequence of compulsory facemask use, especially with respect to female professional voice users who smokePublicación Menopausal Voice-Related Work Limitation Scale (MenoVWL): development and validation(Elsevier, 2022-11-30) Mateos Ramírez, Ana; Ardura Martínez, Diego; Barro Fiuza, Mauro; Polo Cano, Nuria; Lã, Filipa M.B.Objectives Menopause has been reported to affect the voice of female professional voice users (FPVUs). The present study aims at the development and validation of a scale to measure self-perceived menopausal voice-related limitation to work in FPVUs, henceforth the Menopausal Voice-Related Work Limitation Scale (MenoVWL). Methods Items were drawn from previous studies on impacts of sex steroid hormones on voice, available validated scales, and in-depth interviews with post-menopausal FPVUs. A preliminary version with 16 items was evaluated by a panel of 15 voice experts. The resulting revised version was filled in online, together with questions on current endocrinological reproductive status and related symptoms, history of amenorrhea, professional occupation, and demographic information. Responses concerning only professional voice users were selected and inclusive and exclusive criteria were applied for correct allocation of participants into pre- and post-menopausal stages within a restrict age range;192 responses were subject to factorial analysis for MenoVWL validation. Cronbach's alpha measured internal reliability. The scale was tested by comparing MenoVWL scores between pre- and post-menopausal FPVUs (98 and 94, respectively). Results Thirteen items were retained from the expert panel evaluation. Items presented a high Content Validity Index (.94 out of 1) and high Item Acceptance Ratio (86.25 %). Both exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis rendered one dimension scale with an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .9). The results of a Mann-Whitney test showed a higher MenoVWL score for post- as compared to pre-menopausal FPVUs (Z = - 2.818; P = .005). Conclusions MenoVWL is a comprehensive and validated scale with a known factor structure. It constitutes a health care and safety outcome self-perceived measure of value to the early detection of voice-related limitations to work in FPVUs during menopause.Publicación Effect of Phonation Type on Maximum Phonation Time(Elsevier, 2026-02-09) Lã, Filipa M.B.; Sundberg, Johan; Barreda, Santiago; Comunidad de Madrid (CAM)Maximum phonation time (MPT) is commonly used as an indication of phonatory function. However, MPT varies considerably depending on several factors, for instance, laryngeal valving, ie, the completeness of glottal closure. This parameter is closely related to phonation type, which can vary along the continuum between weak and firm glottal adduction, resulting in an abundant and reduced glottal airflow, respectively, ie, Breathy and Pressed phonation. This investigation analyzes the effects of both phonation type and flow rate on MPT, hypothesizing that Pressed and Breathy phonations produce extremes of MPT variation. Audio and lung volume were recorded in 14 singers experienced in performing different singing genres. They sustained the vowel /a/ as long as they could, after a maximum inhalation, a task repeated in Breathy, Flow, Neutral, and Pressed phonations. Real-time visual feedback of sound level and fundamental frequency was provided by means of the FonaDyn software, helping participants to keep these parameters constant across different degrees of vocal fold adduction. The relationship between flow rate, phonation, and MPT was analyzed using multilevel Bayesian models. Such models offer a better quantification of uncertainty, full probability distributions, and the ability to integrate the results of previous experiments into current analyses as compared to equivalent frequentist models. The results suggested that MPT varies with both flow rate and phonation type: the former is a stronger standalone predictor of MPT than the latter. The implication of such a finding is that, when access to flow data is not available, MPT is still a useful metric, provided that control for phonation type is considered. Indeed, much of the variation of published MPT data may reflect phonation type differences. Thus, future investigations should control for phonation type when MPT data are compared.Publicación Voice source variation between vowels in male opera singers(Elsevier, 2016-09-01) Sundberg, Johan; Gill, Brian P.; Lã, Filipa M.B.Objectives: The theory of non-linear source-filter interaction predicts that the glottal voice source should be affected by the frequency relationship between formants and partials. An attempt to experimentally verify this theory is presented. Study design: Glottal voice source and electrolaryngograph (ELG) signal differences between vowels were analyzed in vowel sequences, sung at four pitches with the same degree of vocal loudness by professional opera singers. Also, the relationships between such differences and the frequency distance between the first formant (F1) and its closest partial were examined. Methods: A digital Laryngograph microprocessor was used to simultaneously record audio and ELG signals. The former was inverse-filtered and voice source parameters and formant frequencies were extracted. The amplitude quotient of the derivative of the ELG signal (AQdELG) and the contact quotient were also compared. Results: A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between vowels, for contact quotient at four pitches and for MFDR at three pitches. For other voice source parameters, differences were found at one or two pitches only. No consistent correlation was found between MFDR and the distance between F1 and its closest partial. Conclusions: The glottal voice source tends to vary between vowels, presumably because of non-linear source-filter interaction, but the variation does not seem to be dependent upon the frequency distance between F1 and its closest partialPublicación Augmented visual-feedback of airflow: Immediate effects on voice-source characteristics of students of singing(['SAGE', 'SEMPRE'], 2021-07-12) Sundberg, Johan; Granqvist, Svante; Lã, Filipa M.B.Glottal adduction is a crucial aspect in voice education and vocal performance: it has major effects on phonatory airflow and, consequently, on voice timbre. As the voice is a non-visible musical instrument, controlling it could be facilitated by providing real-time visual feedback of phonatory airflow. Here, we test the usefulness of a flow ball (FB) training device, visualizing, in terms of the height of a polystyrene ball placed in a plastic basket, phonatory airflow during phonation. Audio and electroglottographic recordings of five postgraduate, classically trained singer students were made under three subsequent conditions: before, during, and after phonating into the FB. The calibrated audio signal was inverse-filtered, using an electroglottograph signal to guide the manual tuning of the inverse filters. Mean phonatory airflow, peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, and normalized amplitude quotient were extracted from the resulting flow glottograms. After the FB condition, increases of mean flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude were observed in four singers. In addition, the singers’ mean normalized amplitude quotient increased significantly. The findings, although exploratory, suggest that reduction of glottal adduction.Publicación The effects of a third generation combined oral contraceptive pill on the classical singing voice(Elsevier, 2007-11) Ledger, William L.; Davidson, Jane; Howard, David M.; Jones, Georgina; Lã, Filipa M.B.The success of professional operatic singers depends upon the quality of their vocal mechanism. This is known to be sensitive to changes in the endocrine environment. Despite a widespread belief among singers that vocal quality changes according to the stage of the menstrual cycle, this has received little attention. In particular, the possibility that use of the contraceptive pill might stabilize vocal quality by ‘‘dampening’’ hormonal fluctuations has not previously been studied systematically. Here, we show that drospirenone containing oral contraceptive pill (Yasmin, Schering AG, West Sussex, UK) with antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid properties demonstrates a significant reduction in the irregularity of the pattern of vibration of the vocal folds during the performance of highly trained classical singers. This study constitutes the first double blind, randomized placebo controlled trial to assess the effects of the contraceptive pill on the patterns of vibration of the vocal folds during the performance of Western classical singing repertoire.