Persona: Roch González, Juan
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juan.roch@poli.uned.es
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0000-0001-5763-7406
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Roch González
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Juan
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Publicación Left-wing Populism in Spain: Discursive Formations on the European Union(International Association for Political Science Students (IPSA), 2017-08-25) Roch González, JuanThis article examines the discursive appeal of Podemos, an allegedly left-wing “populist party” in Spain, to European Union (EU) issues. It analyses the political discourse of this party on the EU focusing on specific points of rupture of the hegemonic discourses in the Spanish political system. Literature on party politics and populism offers empirical evidence about the emergence of traditional right-wing populist parties and new left-wing populist parties in Europe; scholars have also studied the Eurosceptic tendency of right-wing populist parties. However, little attention has been paid to the discursive approach of left-wing populist parties to the EU. Using discourse analysis, this study illuminates the points of rupture of the hegemonic discursive formations in Spain and identifies the articulatory practices of Podemos on EU issues. The results indicate that the EU is integrated in an ambivalent way in the dichotomist discourse of Podemos and its antagonist view of society.Publicación Friends or foes? Europe and ‘the people’ in the representations of populist parties(Sage Journals, 2020-08-17) Roch González, JuanThis article seeks to shine a light on the diversity of populist discourses about Europe and the European Union (EU). It is built upon the existing literature on populist Euroscepticism to elaborate on two underexplored aspects of the relationship between populist discourses and EU contestation. First, it explores the variable and even ambivalent representations of the EU and its main political processes exhibited by populist actors. Second, it focuses on the precise relationship between populism and the representations of the EU to determine whether there is a hierarchical relation, reciprocal influence, or they function as separated ideational ensembles. This research takes a corpus-assisted approach to discourse analysis that is based on the exploration of manifestos and party leadership speeches between 2013 and 2017 of Podemos in Spain, a left-wing populist party, and the Alternative für Deutschland in Germany, a right-wing populist party. The findings reveal that the populist discourse has variable effects on the forms of EU contestation depending on its centrality and that ambivalence is a crucial feature to capture the forms of EU contestation of populist parties. Finally, the article draws several theoretical implications for the research on populism and EU contestation.Publicación Unpacking EU contestation: Europeanization and EU critique in Germany and Spain(2019) Roch González, JuanThe rise of populist contenders in Western Europe in the aftermath of the euro crisis has led to an increasing critique of the project of the European Union (EU). This critique has been frequently encapsulated in the label ‘Euroscepticism’ and its softer or harder gradations. This article proposes to revisit this phenomenon from a different angle: the discursive and historical exploration of EU contestation in its context. This paper argues that the forms of EU contestation must be studied together with the symbolic orders about Europe and the EU at the national level. Drawing on the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD), this article delineates the diverse representations and problematizations of EU-contesting discourses in Western Europe studying the cases of Germany and Spain. The findings show greater power to constrain (power in discourse) EU contestation in Spain than in Germany, the latter country being a more suitable terrain for critique of the EU. These divergences are connected to the historical processes of Europeanization in each country and their particular symbolic orders.Publicación De-centring populism: an empirical analysis of the contingent nature of populist discourses(Sage Journals, 2022-05-25) Roch González, JuanMultiple voices warn about an analytical deadlock in the field of populism studies mainly due to an excess of description and a lack of contextualisation. Reflecting on the current responses to this impasse, this study presents a framework for contextualising populism and seeks to enrich and expand the potential of populism research. The main argument of this article is that a more dynamic and interactive analytical framework is necessary to show the contingent and fragile nature of populist discourses and complement existing research. To illustrate this approach, the case of Podemos is analysed to show how the populist discourse varies over time for the same populist actor and to what extent this variation responds to contextual pressures. The study concludes that the contingent nature of populism can be related to two main conditions: the variable power over discourse of populist mobilisation and the normative pressures within the political sphere.Publicación Europeanization in the shadow of the financial crisis: disruptive effects on the Spanish party system(Universitat Oberta de Catalunya = Universidad Oberta de Cataluña, UOC, 2017-02) Roch González, JuanDe manera general, s’entén que l’europeïtzació és un procés d’adaptació gradual de les polítiques, les institucions o els actors polítics nacionals als reglaments o les normatives de la Unió Europea (UE), freqüentment vinculat a processos de democratització. No obstant això, existeixen aplicacions potencials d’aquest concepte a situacions de crisi en què els agents nacionals tenen poc marge de maniobra. En aquestes ocasions, l’adaptació progressiva pot donar lloc a pressions per a l’aplicació de reglaments i normatives de la UE, i això pot tenir efectes pertorbadors en els sistemes polítics nacionals. Amb aquest article pretenem fer llum en aquests processos a Espanya durant els anys de la gran recessió i avaluar-ne l’impacte en el sistema de partits espanyol. L’objectiu principal d’aquest estudi és, per tant, identificar les etapes fonamentals dels processos d’europeïtzació de la política espanyola durant els anys 2010-2012. En una segona part, s’analitza l’articulació de la resposta a aquests processos per part dels moviments de protesta i, especialment, del partit polític Podem en la seva fase inicial. S’ha emprat el model d’estudi de casos per aprofundir en el context de la política espanyola en temps de crisi. S’han recopilat i analitzat documents oficials d’institucions nacionals de la UE així com diversos discursos de l’esmentat partit polític. Els resultats de l’estudi suggereixen connexions entre els processos d’europeïtzació i els canvis en la competència partidista nacional a Espanya. A més, identifiquen l’europeïtzació a Espanya com a un procés pertorbador que afavoreix l’aparició de discursos antisistema.Publicación From qualified to conspirative Euroscepticism: how the German AfD frames the EU in multiple crisis(Taylor and Francis Group; Routledge, 2023-10-31) Roch González, JuanResearch on Euroscepticism tends to portray parties opposing European integration or criticising the European Union (EU) as a family of Eurosceptic parties (either hard or soft). Recent literature, however, offers empirical evidence on the ambivalence and diversity of the EU critique. What is still unclear are the reasons behind the chameleonic nature of Euroscepticism and the implications that this may have for the EU critique and the changes proposed about EU policy or institutions. The present article addresses this question exploring the role of EU crises to capture the changing nature of Euroscepticism and suggests that it is related to contextual pressures on the political debate around the EU. The paper develops this argument and illustrates it through the analysis of the Alternative für Deutschland in Germany, covering the EU crises of the last decade, including the recent period of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine invasion. Drawing on a corpus of party manifestos and speeches between 2013 and 2022, this study shows that there are three main frames used by the party to criticise the EU. It also concludes that these frames involve distinct political implications for the EU critique and the alternative proposals presented by the party.Publicación Eager to leave? Populist radical right parties’ responses to Brexit(SAGE Publications, 2020-01-03) van Kessel, Stijn; Chelotti, Nicola; Drake, Helen; Rodi, Patricia; Roch González, Juan; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-5871Populist radical right parties are naturally Eurosceptic. Many responded positively to the British referendum vote to leave the European Union; various observers even spoke of a potential populist radical right-instigated ‘domino effect’. We ask whether this Brexit-enthusiasm prevailed in the proximate aftermath of the UK referendum, by means of a comparative analysis of populist radical right parties’ national election campaigns in the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Italy. The analysis considers whether the UK referendum result served as an external stimulus for populist radical right parties to harden their Euroscepticism and politicise the issue of European integration. The results show that this has, generally speaking, not been the case, and that Brexit has also not stimulated or amplified calls for leaving the European Union. Relating our findings to literature on the politicisation of European integration and strategic party behaviour, we argue that populist radical right parties had few incentives to act differently given the uninviting political opportunity structure.Publicación A nationalist party with non-nationalistic voters? Discussing the limits of nationalism in party categorization(Wiley, 2022-03-15) Lobera, Josep; Roch González, JuanAre populism and nationalism two inseparable dimensions? The controversial argument is that both exclusionary and inclusionary populism draw on nationalist representations and traditions to construct their political discourse. In the case of Podemos, several scholars have argued that this party presents a nationalistic character based on its invocation of the ‘patria’ and a demarcated, imagined political community. This article relies on an original data set in order to test this hypothesis related to Podemos's supply and demand. With regard to supply, we explore four party manifestos to elucidate how Podemos refers to the nation, Spanish identity, sovereignty and immigration. To evaluate demand, we analyse the party's supporters' political attitudes and values regarding the nation, assimilation of immigrants and national preferentialism. Our results show that Podemos's supporters express lower levels of national identification than the remainder of the population. Similarly, the former analysis reveals a pro-immigration position and a tendency of the party Podemos to avoid issues related to national identity. Departing from these results, we draw several implications on the use of nationalism for the categorisation of political parties and, in particular, left-wing populism.Publicación Exploring the non-discursive: A three-layered approach to discourse and its boundaries(Springer Nature, 2019) Roch González, Juan; B. Furkó, Péter; Vaskó, Ildikó; Dér, Csilla Ilona; Madsen, DorteThis chapter outlines a comprehensive three-layered approach to the study of discourse and its boundaries. It argues that Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) may benefit from a sociologically-informed analysis of the fuzzy boundaries between discourse and the non-discursive. This chapter starts by discussing the non-discursive in Laclau and Mouffe’s Discourse Theory and it turns, in a second step, to Foucault-inspired approaches to discourse. Building upon the latter, the proposal to study discourse and its boundaries presented in this chapter distinguishes three different levels: (1) the level of discursive and social practices, (2) the structural level, (3) and the agential and reflexive level. In the final part of the chapter, I discuss the implications of this three-layered approach for a social ontology and a practice of critique within CDS. To conclude, I contend that this approach to discourse and its boundaries expands the potential of a postfoundational CDS research agenda and strengthens the critical gaze of discourse research.Publicación The colonial imaginary of ‘Europe’ in the EU’s asymmetrical response to the Russian and Israeli aggressions: Ukraine as a member of the ‘family’ while ‘othering’ Palestine(Wiley, 2025-01-13) Oleart, Alvaro; Roch González, JuanWhat is ‘Europe’? The response to this question is not straightforward, as ‘Europe’ is a floating signifier that is in constant renegotiation. In this article, we focus on the imaginary of ‘Europe’ that has been deployed in the most salient international crises of the last years that have heavily shaken European Union (EU) politics: the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the attack of Hamas on 7 October 2023, followed by the ensuing offensive of Israel on the Palestinian Gaza Strip. More concretely, we ask: what is the narrative of ‘Europe’ articulated by the European Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen, and the HRVP, Josep Borrell, in response to these events? We argue that, in the context of these two cases, two distinct imaginaries of ‘Europe’ have been mobilised based on differentiated conceptualisations of the relationship of ‘Europe’ to Ukraine and Palestine. Whereas Ukraine is conceived as part of the ‘European family’, there is a process of ‘othering’ Palestine. Our article exposes the racism and double standards of the EU in regard to the defence of international law and human rights, the exclusiveness of who belongs to ‘Europe’ and the continuity of the colonial thinking that permeates the narratives of EU leaders.