Persona: Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar
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Pozo Cabanillas
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Publicación Reciprocal Associations Between Positivity and Positive Affect During the COVID-19 Pandemic(WILEY, 2025-04) Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Contreras Felipe, Antonio; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, Gian Vittorio; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Cabras, Emilia; Tavolucci, Simone; Alessandri, GuidoIn this study, the associations between positivity and positive affect were examined at five time points between January 2020 and September 2021, a period of turmoil associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 1401 students (73.45% women) attending an online university in Spain, commencing at the outbreak of the pandemic and then at four different time points up to the time it was considered to have been controlled. The results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed that participants who maintained higher general positivity were also those who reported more intense overall positive affect. At the same time, above-average positive affect predicted higher-than-usual levels of positivity. By pointing to the reciprocal relationships between positivity and positive affect, the results corroborate and go beyond previous findings by highlighting a virtuous cycle in which positivity and positive affect reciprocally influence each other over time. These data are in accordance with a dynamic view of how self-focused, positive evaluative dispositions and chronic positive affective states operate in concert to enhance adaptation and well-being. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.Publicación Stress and academic achievement among distance university students in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic: age, perceived study time, and the mediating role of academic self-efficacy.(Springer Nature, 2024-06-21) Cabras, Emilia; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Contreras Felipe, Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-0684; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-4966The COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated confinement, imposed a novel personal and social context for university students; nevertheless, few studies have addressed the effects of this on distance university students. Indeed, defining the needs of these students under such unique circumstances will allow them to receive the support necessary to effectively reduce their perceived stress and improve their academic achievement. A predictive model was designed to examine the direct effects of the variables’ age and perceived study time on stress and academic achievement in students in an online learning context, as well as to assess the indirect effects through the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Using path analysis, the model was tested on a sample of 1030 undergraduate students between 18 and 60 years old enrolled on a psychology degree course at the UNED (National Distance Learning University of Spain). The model provides a good fit to the data, confirming the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Perceived study time is a factor negatively associated with stress and positively with academic achievement. However, it appeared that age was not related to academic achievement, indicating that academic self-efficacy had no mediating effect on these two variables. Academic self-efficacy is a mediator and protective factor in challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may contribute to the design of educational and clinical interventions for students at an online learning university over an extended age range.Publicación Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire: Developmental Pattern and Significance and Its Relationship With Cognitive and Personality Measures(University of California Press, 2023-02-01) Contreras Felipe, Antonio; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, María Giovanna; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Gómez Veiga, IsabelPostformal thought is the highest state of thinking in adults, extending beyond formal operations. Sinnott’s Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire (PFTQ) is one of the most widely used measures of this construct and thus, the main aim of this study was to translate a Spanish version of the PFTQ and to validate it using a sample of 1093 subjects aged from 18 to 71 years. A cross-validation study was carried out and measurement invariance was analyzed by gender and across age groups: emerging adults, 18-29 years; established adults, 30-45 years; and middle-aged adults, 46-60 years. Furthermore, evidence of validity was assessed relative to cognitive and personality measures (i.e.: mindfulness, grit, resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, conscientiousness, metacognition and learning strategies), as was the developmental pattern of the PFTQ. In the cross-validation study, both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated it was appropriate to consider a unidimensional structure. Likewise, the PFTQ exhibited good psychometric properties (α = .84; Ω = .83), and there was reasonable evidence of strict invariance by gender and across age groups. Moreover, the PFTQ was significantly and positively related to metacognition, learning strategies, mindfulness, conscientiousness, resilience and grit, whereas it was significantly and negatively related to intolerance of uncertainty, albeit to a lesser extent. Finally, a developmental progression of the PFTQ was observed during adulthood, with significant differences observed between the latent means of the three age groups, which was associated with moderate effect sizes between the emerging and the established or middle-age adult groups (d = 0.28 and d = 0.37, respectively). By contrast, a very small and practically negligible effect size was detected between the established and middle-aged adult groups (d = 0.09). Relativistic operations would appear to underlie psychosocial development in established adulthood, when they are most needed. Overall, the Spanish version of the PFTQ showed good psychometric properties and validity evidence of its utility to studying adult thinking.Publicación Adaptación psicológica en madres y padres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista: un estudio multidimensional(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, 2010-12-13) Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Sarriá Sánchez, María Encarnación; Méndez Zaballos, LauraEsta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el análisis multidimensional de la adaptación psicológica de las madres y padres que tienen hijos con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA). La tesis se sustenta en los resultados de tres estudios empíricos: a) un estudio multidimensional del estrés en las madres; b) un estudio más complejo en madres y padres, examinando como adaptación tanto variables negativas (estrés, ansiedad, depresión) como positivas (bienestar psicológico y calidad de vida familiar; c) y un estudio longitudinal del estrés en las madres y factores relacionados. Para los dos primeros estudios se proponen modelos empíricos de adaptación basados en el modelo Doble ABCX (McCubbin y Patterson, 1983).Publicación Q-CHAT-NAO: A robotic approach to autism screening in toddlers(Elsevier, 2021-06) Romero García, Rubén; Martínez Tomás, Rafael; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Paz López, Félix de la; Sarriá Sánchez, María EncarnaciónThe use of humanoid robots as assistants in therapy processes is not new. Several projects in the past several years have achieved promising results when combining human–robot interaction with standard techniques. Moreover, there are multiple screening systems for autism; one of the most used systems is the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT-10), which includes ten questions to be answered by the parents or caregivers of a child. We present Q-CHAT-NAO, an observation-based autism screening system supported by a NAO robot. It includes the six questions of the Q-CHAT-10 that can be adapted to work in a robotic context; unlike the original system, it obtains information from the toddler instead of from an indirect source. The detection results obtained after applying machine learning models to the six questions in the Autistic Spectrum Disorder Screening Data for Toddlers dataset were almost equivalent to those of the original version with ten questions. These findings indicate that the Q-CHAT-NAO could be a screening option that would exploit all the benefits related to human-robot interaction.Publicación Psychological Distress, Disorder Severity, and Perception of Positive Contributions in Couples Raising Individuals With Autism(Frontiers, 2021-06-29) García López, Cristina; Recio Saboya, Patricia; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Sarriá Sánchez, María EncarnaciónParents' perception of the positive contributions associated with raising children with autism is considered to be a protective factor in the process of psychological adaptation. Thus, it is essential to unveil what factors are related to this perception. We explore how parents' psychological distress (parental stress and anxiety) predicts the perception of positive contributions in fathers and mothers who raise individuals with different levels of autism severity. The sample comprises 135 couples (270 fathers and mothers) parenting individuals diagnosed with autism aged 3–38 years. Participants completed different self-report questionnaires, including measures of parental stress, anxiety, and positive contributions. To estimate the actor–partner interdependence model, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore transactional effects between fathers' and mothers' psychological distress and their perceptions of positive contributions associated with autism. Two separate multigroup models were tested, respectively, analyzing parental stress and anxiety. Each multigroup model considers two levels of disorder severity. The findings revealed that actor and partner effects of stress and anxiety were important predictors of the perception of positive contributions in both disorder severity groups. We conclude that it is necessary to develop family support programs that focus on controlling fathers' and mothers' stress and anxiety symptoms, as these mental states negatively impact the ability to perceive positive contributions.Publicación Red de Innovación Docente APEEV. Aprendiendo de forma práctica y experiencial en entornos virtuales(2009-09) Sánchez Queija, Inmaculada; Cabrerizo Diago, Jesús; Bellido Cala, Juan Antonio; Malik Lievano, Beatriz; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Orjales Villar, Isabel; Cacheiro González, María LuzPublicación The protective role of positivity and emotional self-efficacy beliefs in times of the COVID-19 pandemic(Elsevier, 2023-09) Contreras Felipe, Antonio; Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Zuffianò, Antonio; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Cabras, Emilia; Gómez Veiga, IsabelThe impact of positivity and self-efficacy beliefs in managing anger, fear, and sadness on positive and negative affect was examined at three time points over 9 months. Data from 1,401 students (73.4% women) attending an online University in Spain were collected at the start of the pandemic and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of a random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that the strongest relationships in terms of effect size occurred at the trait level, in which participants who had a general higher positivity over time were also those who reported, in general, higher self-efficacy, higher positive affect, and lower negative affect than their counterparts. At the within-person level, while controlling for stable (trait-like) individual differences, higher than usual levels (state-like) of positivity in January 2020 predicted higher than usual levels of emotional self-efficacy beliefs and lower than usual levels of negative affect in June 2020. During the same transition, higher than usual levels of negative affect in January 2020 predicted lower than usual levels of emotional self-efficacy in June 2020. Moreover, higher than usual levels of self-efficacy in June 2020 predicted higher than usual levels of positivity in September 2020. We did not find any predictive effect for positive affect. The results pointed to the protective role of both positivity and regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs mostly against negative affect, corroborating previous findings suggesting a virtuous circle of reciprocal influence between positivity and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.