Persona: Ruiz Rua, Aurora
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auroraruizrua@cee.uned.es
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0000-0002-0670-5787
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Ruiz Rua
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Aurora
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6 resultados
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Publicación Different approaches to Spanish e-government: from use to impact(Elsevier, 2025-02-12) Gijón Tascón, María Covadonga; Fernández Bonilla, Fernando; Ruiz Rua, AuroraThis paper examines the factors that determine the use of e-government services in Spain. It identifies key determinants, including e-services usage synergies, e-trust, e-skills and socio-demographic determinants of e-government use as an outcome of a logit model with national data from 2023. The main results highlight the key role of ICT skills, confidence in technology and the quality of Internet connectivity, revealing significant disparities between socio-economic groups. Meanwhile, it explores the second and third levels of the digital divide, with a special focus on the information and ICT domain and its effective application, analysing the penetration and main uses of e-government in Spain. Policy recommendations call for the enhancement of digital literacy, the fostering of trust in e-government and the improvement of Internet access for vulnerable populations to promote inclusive digital governance.Publicación Is unsubsidised energy transition possible? Feasibility of replacing diesel buses with electric ones(Elsevier, 2023-06) Arizcuren Blasco, Javier; Martín García, Rodrigo; Ruiz Rua, Aurora; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-3808This study assesses the economic viability of replacing the existing diesel vehicles with electric ones in the public transport sector of mid-sized European cities. It analyses the win-win situation that would result from a public-private financing of such vehicles. The proposed methodology is designed to revisit and improve public sector decision-making and its tools. The procedure entails an analysis of the acquisition and operating costs of electric buses, accounting separately for internal costs and externalities, applying different discount rates for the concessionaire and for public funds. The data used for this study comes from literature review and open-source data for Zaragoza, a medium size city in Northeast Spain. The results obtained show that investment in electric buses, by itself, is not profitable if approached only from the private sector and therefore requires public subsidy. The study, replicable in other locations, reveals the importance of this type of analysis during the decision-making process, considering public funds for sustainable urban mobility development as one solution to address energy transition.Publicación Understanding connectivity to international markets: a systematic review(Taylor and Francis Group, 2016-03-08) Calatayud, Agustina; Palacin, Roberto; Mangan, John; Jakson, Elizabeth; Ruiz Rua, AuroraImproving freight connectivity is increasingly a topic at the centre of the international trade and transport policy agendas. An examination of available documents and studies in both the policy-making and the academic fields shows that the concept of freight connectivity has often been defined in different ways, and thus has taken a variety of meanings. This poses the question on what connectivity is and what are its determinants in the context of international trade. We are not aware of any studies that have analysed, in a systematic way, the different perspectives and determinants of freight connectivity so as to increase access to international markets. This paper seeks to fill this gap by performing a systematic literature review that spans disciplines such as Transport Engineering, Transport and International Economics, and Supply Chain Management. The outcome of this examination is a multidisciplinary framework that hopefully will help stakeholders to understand freight connectivity to international markets better, as well as guide future research and analysis in policy-making.Publicación Banking digitalization in Spain: How branch closures and digital barriers reshape financial inclusion(Elsevier, 2025-04-08) Martínez de Ibarreta, Carlos; Ruiz Rua, Aurora; Gijón Tascón, María Covadonga; Fernández Bonilla, FernandoThis paper examines the impact of banking digitalization in Spain, focusing on the consequences of branch closures and digital barriers for financial inclusion. Using panel data from the Survey on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households (2017–2021), a logit model with random effects is estimated to analyse the determinants of e-banking adoption. The findings reveal that a lower density of bank branches per 1000 inhabitants significantly increases the propensity to use e-banking. However, digital financial inclusion remains uneven, with age, digital skills, gender, and geographic location playing critical roles in adoption patterns. While the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated e-banking uptake, structural inequalities persist, particularly among older adults and rural populations. Additionally, despite rising e-banking adoption, engagement with advanced digital financial services (e.g., stock trading, insurance, loans) remains limited, suggesting that digital financial literacy gaps continue to hinder full participation in digital banking. These findings highlight the need for targeted financial education programs, improved digital infrastructure, and hybrid banking models that ensure accessibility for vulnerable populations.Publicación Competition in the railway passenger market: The challenge of liberalization(SAGE Publications, 2019-07-01) Gutiérrez Hita, Carlos; Ruiz Rua, AuroraEuropean country members have been opening up to competition railway passenger services in recent years, whereas others still remain on the way to liberalization. The recent Commission’s fourth European Union (EU) Railway Package has updated the European legislation to ensure an effective liberalization within the EU country members by 2020. It is intended to enhance firms’ efficiency and also consumers’ benefits. In this article, we study different paths towards liberalization from the traditional state-owned monopoly configuration. First, the monopoly outcome is presented, as it is the current situation in a number of EU country members. Second, the oligopoly models are introduced to study different paths towards an effective competition as a result of different market configurations. It is found that liberalization may enhance consumer surplus keeping operators’ profitability only when variable costs and access charge to the network are low. Finally, some regulatory measures are discussed.Publicación Towards a liberalised European high speed railway sector: Analysis and modelling of competition using Game Theory(Springer, 2012-09-09) Ruiz Rua, Aurora; Roberto PalacínIntroduction The liberalisation of the Railways imposed by European Directives introduces competition in a sector traditionally organised largely through national monopolies. As a result, the analysis of the competition particularly on a given route is very recent. Approach The approach and methodologies so far developed to analyse the competition between European rail operators have resulted in interesting but isolated efforts. Developments based on game theory and analysis of strategic decision as part of the organisational economics theory have proven to be the most appropriate. This paper introduces an improvement on these methodologies by using the principles of consumer behaviour theory and the analysis capabilities of game theory to develop a dedicated purpose-built modelling tool for the analysis of intermodal competition within the operator’s revenue function. To validate the model, a forecast analysis on the Madrid-Barcelona high speed corridor has been performed. Conclusions The resulting model allows quantifying the minimum requirements for a new operator to stay in the market as well as the equilibrium price and level of investment required.