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Adiós a la diplomacia americana
(Fundación Análisis de Política Exterior, 2018-01) Torreblanca Payá, José Ignacio
An energy union without interconnections? Public acceptance of cross-border interconnectors in four European countries
(Elsevier, 2023-03-01) Lázaro Touza, Lara; Escribano Francés, Gonzalo; González Enríquez, María del Carmen; Paredes Gázquez, Juan Diego
Despite the importance of achieving a functioning and decarbonised European Energy Union (EnU) research addressing the public acceptance of cross-border energy interconnections at a European-wide level based upon public opinion polls is limited. To try to fill this gap in the literature, this article relies on a poll with 4000 respondents from the four big EU energy markets: France, Germany, Italy and Spain, including as a new explanatory variable their proximity to an electrical cross-border substation. Overall, 57,4% respondents have not heard about energy interconnections, and 69,2% have not ever heard about the internal energy market. Approaching public acceptance from a procedural justice framework, the article considers procedural justice as a pre-condition? For a fair policy-making process. By addressing the public acceptance of cross-border energy interconnections, the article aims to contribute to the existing literature on their linkages of said interconnections with the European energy policy-making process, deriving specific policy implications to foster cross-border interconnections and energy integration within the EnU.
Are transitional justice and memory policies at risk of regressing? The Spanish case in comparative perspective
(SAGE Publications, 2025-12-26) Aguilar Fernández, Paloma; Humlebæk, Carsten; Jimeno, Roldán
This article examines the challenges and potential setbacks faced by memory and transitional justice policies in contemporary democracies. While the early optimism of the “memory boom” suggested linear progress, the electoral rise of far-right movements calls for a reassessment of this assumption. The erosion of the authoritarian stigma in post-dictatorial societies reveals the vulnerability of memory policies to political volatility. The article analyzes Spain as the main case, with comparative references to Brazil and Argentina. It shows that while setbacks are increasingly common, memory and transitional justice policies are subject to very complex dynamics where the historical, political, and social contexts matter in a field marked by the mobilizing potential of the political discourse on memory, on one hand, and the acquired rights resulting from transitional justice and memory policies, on the other.
Asaltar los cielos: Podemos o la política después de la crisis
(Debate, 2015-04-09) Torreblanca Payá, José Ignacio
El sorprendente e indiscutible éxito cosechado en las pasadas elecciones europeas por Podemos (1.240.000 votos y cinco escaños), una formación recién creada, ha supuesto un terremoto en la política española, confirmado por sucesivas encuestas: el bipartidismo podría haber acabado, dando paso a un sistema político completamente nuevo. ¿De dónde viene Podemos? ¿Y a dónde quiere ir? Esas son las dos preguntas que se hace todo ciudadano español, y a las que José Ignacio Torreblanca, profesor de ciencia política y agudo comentarista de la realidad española, contesta en "Asaltar los cielos". Analizando el contexto en el que surge, la profunda y duradera crisis económica y el descrédito de las instituciones, pasa a estudiar el ideario en que se basa, la demanda popular a la que responde, y las estrategias que sigue. Un libro accesible para todo el mundo y una herramienta fundamental para entender esta nueva etapa de la política española en un año plagado de citas electorales que se antoja trascendental.
Beyond Self-placement: Why Nationalism is a Better Predictor of Electoral Behaviour in the Basque Country
(Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), 2014-04) Leonisio Calvo, Rafael; Strijbis, Oliver
Most analysts agree that in the Basque Country, the nationalist cleavage is more important for party competition than the left-right divide. Recent studies, however, suggest that self-placement on the left-right scale is a more powerful predictor of electoral choices than self-placement along the Basque-Spanish division. We work to solve this seeming paradox by showing that self-placement along the left-right axis is related to preferences on several issue dimensions, and is therefore not coincident with a classic understanding of “left” and “right”. Once operationalized as issue preferences, the Basque-Spanish divide appears to be more important for electoral decisions than the left-right one.
Border games: Has Spain found an answer to the populist challenge on migration?
(European Council on Foreign Relations, 2019-09-03) Fine, Shoshana; Torreblanca Payá, José Ignacio
Spain, and Europe, need a new story about migration – there is some recognition of this in Spain but it remains to be seen how the country will put this into practice. Spaniards are relatively open towards migration, but the policy challenge for their government should be to allay, and not provoke, fears of migrant invasion. The Spanish government has called for reform of the EU asylum system, favouring solidarity and shared responsibility as opposed to simply stopping ‘secondary movements’. Spain’s migration diplomacy aspires to work with origin and transit countries rather than acting in a coercive way towards them. The Spanish experience should inform EU member st ates’ efforts to seek to answers to the populist challenge: they should enact comprehensive, planned, and proactive policies that see migration as normal and necessary.
Bridging the Divide Between Structural and Actor-Oriented Explanations of Populism: A Research Agenda for the Study of Populist Euroscepticism Through a Territorial Perspective
(SAGE Publications, 2024) Dunin-Wasowicz, Roch; Crăciun, Claudiu; Olivas Osuna, José Javier; Rammelt, Henry P.; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-3392; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8977-3847
This article explores the intersection of structural and actor-oriented explanations of populism through a territorial perspective, focusing on populist Euroscepticism. It builds on findings from the ‘Local Mobilisation Against the EU. Territorial Dimensions of Populist Euroscepticism’ (EULOC) project, which examined local drivers and manifestations of populism and Euroscepticism across Europe. The article highlights the importance of analysing both the supply and demand sides of populist Euroscepticism, emphasising the role of geographic inequalities, local socio-economic trajectories and collective identities. By integrating national, regional and local case studies, the article aims to bridge the divide between structural and actor-oriented approaches, offering a more comprehensive understanding of populist Euroscepticism. This approach seeks to prevent reductionist arguments and contributes to broader discussions on political participation, representation and the dynamics of populist movements in Europe. The article underscores the need for nuanced, multi-layered research that considers the unique socio-political dynamics of different regions and the impact of local contexts on the development of Eurosceptic sentiments.
Byting back: The EU’s digital alliance with Latin America and the Caribbean
(European Council on Foreign Relations, 2022-10-24) Hobbs, Carla; Torreblanca Payá, José Ignacio
SUMMARY China’s and Russia’s growing presence in Latin America and the Caribbean undermines democracy and Western influence in the region, along with the international rules-based order. The EU is responding to this threat by attempting to strengthen its relationships with Latin American and Caribbean countries. The bloc is attempting to build on their affinity for European values and rights, as well their preference for sustainable and inclusive development. Cooperation on digital technologies should be a priority in the effort, given the region’s need for greater connectivity. The Spanish presidency of the EU should lead the formation of a Digital Alliance with Latin America and the Caribbean at a summit scheduled for 2023. The EU can make this alliance work by focusing on connectivity investments, cyber security, and rights to support Latin American countries’ digital transitions. The alliance will also require a long-term vision within the EU, commitments from member states, leadership by several Latin American countries, and public-private investment partnerships.
China y las relaciones sino-rusas ante la Guerra de Ucrania
(Tirant lo Blanch, 2023) Ruiz Ramas, Rubén; Baqués, Josep; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-4149
Choosing among the Chosen? Electoral Lists and Party Primaries in Europe
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-03-30) Pamies, Carles; Cordero, Guillermo
Primaries are becoming the preferred mechanism to select parliamentary elites in an increasing number of parties across Europe. Recent literature has shown that certain party-level characteristics favour the implementation of this inclusive method of selection. However, despite its great relevance in party life, the impact of the electoral system has not attracted enough attention. In this article we wonder if the type of electoral list (blocked or not blocked) has an effect on how participative the method of candidate selection is. We expect primaries to be more popular where electoral lists are blocked, as an intermediate mechanism for the electorate to influence an otherwise leadership-driven process of candidate selection. However, the results of a survey of 2,561 candidates from 37 parties show that this expectation is not met, as primaries seem to be more common precisely in non-blocked lists systems, with this effect being especially visible among right-wing parties. These findings suggest that the type of list might play a key role in this important aspect of internal party life.
Congruence between Voters and Representatives in Preferences for Social Policies in Spain
(Taylor & Francis, 2022-11-15) Jaime Castillo, Antonio Manuel; Coller Porta, Francesc Xavier; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
In some countries public opinion is consistently highly supportive of redistribution, while policy outcomes do not always produce high levels of redistribution. According to the political congruence literature this might be due to a biased representation of policy preferences, as those of high socio-economic status are expected to be better represented in the political process. To illuminate this conundrum, we analyze congruence in preferences for redistribution, public expenditure and taxation in the case of Spain, by drawing on data from two complementary surveys that collected information from citizens and members of parliament (MPs). We find a high degree of congruence in political preferences between citizens and representatives. Moreover, although the preferences of well-educated groups are better represented in the case of taxation, it cannot be argued that there is a ‘pro-rich’ bias in MPs’ preferences.
COVID-19: a political virus? VOX’s populist discourse in times of crisis
(Frontiers, 2021-06-18) Olivas Osuna, José Javier; Rama, José
Spain has been one of the hardest hit countries by the COVID-19 pandemic, and this crisis presented a window of opportunity for VOX, as it has for other far right parties, to raise its visibility as opposition force. This paper investigates whether the discourse of VOX has evolved during the pandemic and affected the political dynamics in Spain. This article proposes a new multidimensional strategy to measure the degree of populism in political communications, via quantitative and qualitative content analysis. It dissects the parliamentary speeches of the leader of VOX, Santiago Abascal, in the debates for the approval and extension of the “state of alarm” to fight against COVID-19 between March and June 2020. In order to assess the changes and relative intensity of populist features in Abascal’s parliamentary speeches we compared them with his speech during Pedro Sánchez’s investiture session as the Spanish President of the Government, in January 2020, and VOX’s latest political manifestos—2019 European and Spanish General Elections—, as well as with speeches of the representatives of the five main parties and coalitions during the COVID-19 debates in the Spanish Congress.Our paper shows that populists’ discourses are context-dependent and that their performances are not only shaped by crisis but also constitutive of crisis. The density of populist references in Abascal’s speeches grew steadily during the period analysed. Morality and antagonism overshadowed sovereignty and society as key populist attributes, and the tone of the discourse became increasingly hyperbolic. Moreover, Abascal’s discursive performances had a sort of contagion effect in other parties in the parliamentary sessions studied. People’s Party (Partido Popular–PP) leader Pablo Casado chose to follow VOX and harshly criticized the government, meanwhile the discourses of the speakers of Together We Can (Unidas Podemos–UP) and Catalan Republican Left (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya–ERC), adopted a demonizing rhetoric against VOX and PP also grounded on a populist logic of articulation. This polarizing dynamic between competing Manichean discourses contributed to reinforce the sense of crisis by adding a political dimension to the already existing health and economic problems.
De la “memoria histórica” a la “memoria democrática”. La evolución de las políticas públicas de memoria y justicia transicional en España
(Fundación Alternativas, 2023) Aguilar Fernández, Paloma; Jimeno Aranguren, Roldán; Ferreirós Orihuel, Inés; Penadés, Alberto; Garmendia, Amuitz
De-centring populism: an empirical analysis of the contingent nature of populist discourses
(Sage Journals, 2022-05-25) Roch González, Juan
Multiple voices warn about an analytical deadlock in the field of populism studies mainly due to an excess of description and a lack of contextualisation. Reflecting on the current responses to this impasse, this study presents a framework for contextualising populism and seeks to enrich and expand the potential of populism research. The main argument of this article is that a more dynamic and interactive analytical framework is necessary to show the contingent and fragile nature of populist discourses and complement existing research. To illustrate this approach, the case of Podemos is analysed to show how the populist discourse varies over time for the same populist actor and to what extent this variation responds to contextual pressures. The study concludes that the contingent nature of populism can be related to two main conditions: the variable power over discourse of populist mobilisation and the normative pressures within the political sphere.
Decentralization in Spain: federal evolution and performance of the estado autonómico
(Oxford University Press, 2020-03) Colino , César; Oxford University Press
The chapter seeks to provide an analytical and historical interpretation of the evolution and workings of the Spanish model of decentralization, the Estado autonómico, and its territorial politics, its determinants and consequences. On the basis of a comparative diagnosis and explanation of its territorial model, such as the degree of devolution acquired or its territorial reforms and its dynamics, the chapter utilizes the broad recent literature, legal, political or economic, dealing with the history, institutional design, political operation and consequences of the territorial system in Spain, so as to evaluate the difficulties and governance results of Spain’s version of federalism. After describing the Spanish territorial institutions and dynamics and their mutual relationships and consequences on stability and adaptability, conflict potential and autonomy protection, the chapter argues that the Spanish decentralization model shows both centrifugal and centripetal forces, and features traits of several types of federations, and therefore of problems typically afflicting them.
Deciphering social class dimensions through its values in contemporary Europe
(Springer, 2026-01-16) Gañán Guillén, Sergio
Previous research has noted a decline in the explanatory power of social class for political behaviour, focusing primarily on economic interests. This article examines how social class relates to cultural and material values, analysing the differences across classes in both dimensions. To explore this, the study uses data from the European Social Survey (ESS, rounds 1 to 11) and Schwartz’s human values framework to capture both cultural and material dimensions. The results show that working classes have higher conservation in the cultural dimension and greater support for equality in the material dimension. The middle and upper classes show stronger self-transcendence in the cultural dimension, reflecting a social-oriented cultural focus rather than material concerns. The upper class stands out for openness to change in the cultural dimension, while material concerns remain highly relevant in a negative sense, as indicated by their low support for equality. Small owners prioritise self-enhancement and openness to change, focusing on individual-oriented cultural values. The relative importance of these dimensions differs across classes: among unskilled and skilled workers, material and cultural concerns are balanced, whereas in the middle class cultural values are more salient. In the upper class, cultural priorities are relevant, but the negative material orientation as opposed to equality, remains strong and cannot be considered secondary.
The Decline of the Spanish National Identity during the Economic Crisis
(Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas) Ruiz Jiménez, Antonia María; Romero Portillo, Daniel; González Enríquez, María del Carmen
Este artículo analiza la evolución de la fuerza y la naturaleza de la identidad nacional española entre dos años, 2002 y 2015, antes y después de la crisis económica iniciada en 2008. Existe una correlación entre los factores económicos y la identidad nacional española, de manera que esta se ha debilitado durante el periodo analizado y han perdido peso relativo en ella algunos elementos cívicos. Para testar el peso específico de la crisis económica en esta evolución se realiza un análisis de cohortes ficticias en el que se relaciona la evolución del poder adquisitivo salarial de los diferentes grupos de edad con la evolución de su sentimiento de identidad nacional. Por otra parte, se analiza la evolución del sentimiento de orgullo de ser español en relación con el de otros factores individuales sociodemográficos y políticos. Finalmente se investiga el cambio en las dimensiones de la identidad nacional española.
Del Greater Europe al Greater Eurasia: el Pivot to Asia de Rusia tras la crisis de Ucrania
(Tirant lo Blanch, 2019) Ruiz Ramas, Rubén
Democracia y redes sociales
(Círculo de Empresarios, 2020) Torreblanca Payá, José Ignacio; Lapuente, Víctor; Costas, Elena
Democracy and federalism in Spain: Interactions, tensions and compatibilities
(Toronto University Press, 2021) Colino , César; Toronto University Press

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