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Diseño de la asignatura de prácticas profesionales: Grados en Economía, ADE y Turismo (UNED)
(Universidad de Málaga, 2024-06-30) Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina
La asignatura de prácticas externas en la Facultad de C.C Económicas y Empresariales de la UNED permite que los estudiantes adquieran experiencia laboral y habilidades esenciales, alineándose con el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y su enfoque en la empleabilidad. El enfoque de aprendizaje situado, basado en la inmersión en comunidades de práctica, permite a los estudiantes aprender de expertos y contribuir al conocimiento empresarial. Los objetivos del trabajo incluyen desarrollar una metodología efectiva que combine la inmersión en el contexto profesional con actividades propuestas por los docentes. Busca que los estudiantes no solo conozcan la estructura de la entidad y operaciones, sino también comprender su cultura, valores y dinámicas internas. Otro objetivo es capacitar a los estudiantes en la elaboración de su currículum y en la presentación de sí mismos ante posibles empleadores. Esta habilidad es esencial para destacar en el proceso de búsqueda de empleo.
La economía española, análisis y expectativas
(Colegio de Economistas de Madrid, 2023-04) Cortiñas Vázquez, Pedro Gonzalo; Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina
En este artículo se va a analizar la evolución de la economía española en el año 2022 en base a los principales indicadores disponibles. Al igual que el año pasado, el análisis se centrará en comprobar los niveles de recuperación de la economía española y en evaluar los factores principales del año 2022, destacando un análisis específico de la inflación y, al igual que el año anterior y debido a coyuntura actual, también se prestará atención a indicadores que dan información sobre el estado de confianza y las expectativas de los empresarios españoles.
La economía española, su evolución y escenarios para la recuperación
(CIRIEC-España, 2013-08) Martínez Álvarez, José Antonio; Cortiñas Vázquez, Pedro Gonzalo; Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina
En el presente trabajo se realizan predicciones a 2019, manejando diferentes escenarios para la recuperación económica y la evolución futura de la misma. Estos escenarios dependerán en gran medida de las políticas actuales y futuras. Las estimaciones se han realizado aplicando simulaciones ad-hoc, a través de un modelo de equilibrio general de demanda sustentado en la Hipótesis del Ciclo Vital de Ando y Modigliani y la Hipótesis de la Renta Permanente de Friedman, Modelo de Hall con la introducción de expectativas racionales. Ofrecemos un pronóstico en base a un escenario dinámico a nivel macroeconómico. Por otro lado, se realizan una serie de recomendaciones a nivel nacional y supranacional para el buen funcionamiento de la economía española.
An empirical analysis of the impacts of competition on procurement costs
(Taylor and Francis Group, Routledge, 2024-08-05) Matilla García, Mariano; Vega, Pilar
This paper empirically analyses the effect of a competitive environment on the cost of procurement. We exploit a dataset based on the Spanish procurement award notices for the years 2012–2017. After controlling for possible endogeneity, we show that a more competitive environment significantly reduces the cost of Spanish procurement. In particular, the use of the open procedure, the most competitive one, would reduce the procurement price by 9.9%, while the increase by one unit of the number of participants would on average lead to a 2.1% decrease in the procurement price. Consequently, a more extensive use of the open procedure would generate savings of €354 millions per year. These findings can have an important effect on the public deficit of a country.
Emprendimiento digital y desarrollo Local: ¿Es posible el emprendimiento digital en la España vaciada?
(Ministerio de Industria y Turismo, 2020) Calvo González, José Luis; Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina; García, Raquel
Estudios experimentales sobre el alivio de la pobreza: nobel 2019 para Banerjee, Duflo y Kremer
(Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo, 2019-09) Calvo González, José Luis; Cortiñas Vázquez, Pedro Gonzalo; Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina
Los Economistas Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo y Michael Kremer han sido galardonados con el premio Nobel de Economía 2019 por sus contribuciones al estudio de la pobreza y su erradicación desde una perspectiva experimental. Con este premio se reconoce la importancia del diseño de las políticas públicas basándose en la evidencia empírica.
Linguistic diversity and out-group discrimination in bilingual societies
(Elsevier, 2019-08) Paz Espinosa, María; Fatás, Enrique; Úbeda Molla, Paloma
We study ethno-linguistic diversity in a lab-in-the-field experiment in two bilingual societies, with (Bilbao, in the North of Spain) and without group conflict (Valencia, in the East). Participants from two ethno-linguistic cultures interact with other participants in Homogeneous (no diversity) or Mixed (ethno-linguistic diversity) environments. Participants allocate resources in a nested public goods game with a local and a global public good. By design, by not contributing to the global (and efficient) public good participants exclude the out- group from the benefits of their contribution. Our results show that while diversity reduces contributions to the global public good in Bilbao, it does not have a negative effect in Valencia. We interpret the results with a second experiment eliciting social norms, with different subjects, and find that the positive (negative) effects of diversity in Valencia (Bilbao) are linked to optimistic empirical expectations (normative discrimination). We also show how the prevalence of discriminatory norms is sensitive to additional information about behavior.
Multibenchmark reality checks
(Elsevier, 2024-11) Arbués, Ignacio; Matilla García, Mariano
Empirical economic modelers often have to choose between two classes of models, with each class containing multiple models. In many cases, this decision is based on the predictive ability of the considered models. This entails that multiple testing and/or p-hacking pose known risks. This study presents a new statistical approach for comparing all model in a single test, serving as a multi-benchmark reality check test. The behavior of the test is studied asymptotically and in small finite samples. We show how the new approach works by analyzing whether one family of linear bivariate models outperforms a univariate family in predicting commodity prices. This paper raises new questions for future research. From an empirical viewpoint, we present several open questions in economic modeling that can be tested with multi-benchmark tests. Meanwhile, from a theoretical viewpoint, further studies can investigate whether a more general method for approximating or simulating the test distribution can be developed.
The new Fuzzy RFMD Model. A method to identify new customer profiles due to an increase in online activity. Case study of a retail business.
(Universidad de Almería, 2021-09-28) G. Martínez, Rocío; A. Carrasco, Ramón; Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina; Gavilán, Diana
Gaining customer loyalty has become one of the main objectives of all companies. Retailers, especially the online ones, have the advantage of knowing their customers’ historical purchase data, which provides them with an understanding of the customers’ buying patterns. A widely-used tool in strategic marketing and customer loyalty is segmentation based on the traditional Recency, Frequency and Monetary (RFM) model. Subsequently, the fuzzy RFM model proved to be an improvement on the traditional RFM model. There has been a change in the retail customer profile, with the growth of a new cluster, the “One-Shot Customer”, new customers that buy from a retailer just once and never come back. In response to this change, the fuzzy RFM model has been modified to include a new dimension capturing Length or Duration. This study presents the new fuzzy RFMD model (Recency, Frequency, Monetary and Duration model), which can be used to better identify that new, large group of customers. The paper also provides a case study based on an e-commerce clothing retailer. Its customer database was segmented using the k-means algorithm and the Isolation Forest algorithm was applied to identify and correctly treat possible anomalies. The Customer Lifetime Value and the weights for the RFMD attributes were calculated by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. Results reveal the improvement that the weighted fuzzy RFMD model offers to retailers, enabling them to detect the One-Shot Customers and thus optimize their strategic marketing plans.
Non-parametric analysis of serial dependence in time series using ordinal patterns
(Elsevier, 2022-04) Weiß, Christian H.; Ruiz Marín, Manuel; Keller, Karsten; Matilla García, Mariano
A list of new tests for serial dependence based on ordinal patterns are provided. These new methods rely exclusively on the order structure of the data sets. Hence, the novel tests are stable under monotone transformations of the time series and robust against small perturbations or measurement errors. The standard asymptotic distributions are given, and their finite sample behavior under linear and non-linear departures from the null of independence are studied. Moreover, it is proved that under mild conditions, any ordinal-pattern-based test is nuisance free, which is appealing for modelling, as these tests can eventually be used as misspecification tests. This property is also analyzed for finite samples and illustrated through an empirical application. Much of the discussion is based on a detailed combinatorial analysis of ordinal pattern probabilities
An RFM model customizable to product catalogues and marketing criteria using fuzzy linguistic models: Case study of a retail business
(MDPI, 2021-08-04) G. Martínez, Rocío; A. Carrasco, Ramón; Sánchez Figueroa, María Cristina; Gavilán, Diana
Gaining customer loyalty has become one of the main objectives of all companies. Retailers, especially the online ones, have the advantage of knowing their customers’ historical purchase data, which provides them with an understanding of the customers’ buying patterns. A widely-used tool in strategic marketing and customer loyalty is segmentation based on the traditional Recency, Frequency and Monetary (RFM) model. Subsequently, the fuzzy RFM model proved to be an improvement on the traditional RFM model. There has been a change in the retail customer profile, with the growth of a new cluster, the “One-Shot Customer”, new customers that buy from a retailer just once and never come back. In response to this change, the fuzzy RFM model has been modified to include a new dimension capturing Length or Duration. This study presents the new fuzzy RFMD model (Recency, Frequency, Monetary and Duration model), which can be used to better identify that new, large group of customers. The paper also provides a case study based on an e-commerce clothing retailer. Its customer database was segmented using the k-means algorithm and the Isolation Forest algorithm was applied to identify and correctly treat possible anomalies. The Customer Lifetime Value and the weights for the RFMD attributes were calculated by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. Results reveal the improvement that the weighted fuzzy RFMD model offers to retailers, enabling them to detect the One-Shot Customers and thus optimize their strategic marketing plans.
Selection of Embedding Dimension and Delay Time in Phase Space Reconstruction via Symbolic Dynamics
(MDPI, 2021-02-11) Matilla García, Mariano; Morales, Isidro; Rodríguez, José Miguel; Ruiz Marín, Manuel
The modeling and prediction of chaotic time series require proper reconstruction of the state space from the available data in order to successfully estimate invariant properties of the embedded attractor. Thus, one must choose appropriate time delay 𝜏∗ and embedding dimension p for phase space reconstruction. The value of 𝜏∗ can be estimated from the Mutual Information, but this method is rather cumbersome computationally. Additionally, some researchers have recommended that 𝜏∗ should be chosen to be dependent on the embedding dimension p by means of an appropriate value for the time delay 𝜏𝑤=(𝑝−1)𝜏∗, which is the optimal time delay for independence of the time series. The C-C method, based on Correlation Integral, is a method simpler than Mutual Information and has been proposed to select optimally 𝜏𝑤 and 𝜏∗. In this paper, we suggest a simple method for estimating 𝜏∗ and 𝜏𝑤 based on symbolic analysis and symbolic entropy. As in the C-C method, 𝜏∗ is estimated as the first local optimal time delay and 𝜏𝑤 as the time delay for independence of the time series. The method is applied to several chaotic time series that are the base of comparison for several techniques. The numerical simulations for these systems verify that the proposed symbolic-based method is useful for practitioners and, according to the studied models, has a better performance than the C-C method for the choice of the time delay and embedding dimension. In addition, the method is applied to EEG data in order to study and compare some dynamic characteristics of brain activity under epileptic episodes
Spatial partial causality
(EDP Sciences, Società Italiana di Fisica Y Springer Berlin Heidelberg., 2021-12-20) Herrera Gomez, Marcos; Matilla García, Mariano; Ruiz Marin, Manuel
This paper, on the one hand, proposes a statistical technique to detect potential causal relationships when the researcher has georeferenced data but not time dimension, and, on the other, applies this new methodology to the analysis of potential partial causal determinants of home prices. In particular, we find that the direction of causality for home prices in California goes from the income level to prices.
Symbolic correlation integral
(0747-4938; eISSN: 1532-4168, 2017-09-26) Caballero Pintado, María Victoria; Matilla-García, M; Ruís Marín, Manuel; Matilla García, Mariano
This paper aims to introduce the concept of symbolic correlation integral SC that is extensively used in many scientific fields. The new correlation integral SC avoids the noisy parameter 𝜀 of the classical correlation integral, defined by Grassberger and Procaccia (Citation1983) and extensively used for constructing correlation-integral-based statistics, as in the BDS test. Once the free parameter 𝜀 disappears, it is possible to construct a nonparametric powerful test for independence that can also be used as a diagnostic tool for model selection. The symbolic correlation integral is also extended to deal with multivariate models, and a test for causality is proposed as an example of the theoretical power of the new concept. With extensive Monte Carlo simulations, the paper shows the good size and power performance of symbolic correlation-integral-based tests.
A test for deterministic dynamics in spatial processes
(2019-01-19) García-Córdoba, Jose A.; Matilla García, Mariano; Ruiz Marín, Manuel
We propose a statistical procedure to determine if a spatial structure that is observed in the data is generated by a deterministic (even chaotic) spatial process, rather than by a stochastic process. This procedure can be used as a specification test. It is robust against nonlinearity and nonstationarity and can complete the toolbox for testing diagnosis as well. The advantages of the presented methods are high power, simplicity, and ease and ample applicability for tests to be conducted, provided that weak conditions are required. Herein, we conduct several simulations to evaluate the performance of our procedure on well-known spatial processes and in situations where standard tests for spatial autocorrelation fail to detect spatial dependence. Guidelines for using the technique are also provided herein.
The Unintended Consequences of Political Mobilization on Trust: The Case of the Secessionist Process in Catalonia
(SAGE, 2018) Criado, Henar; Herreros, Francisco; Miller, Luis; Úbeda Molla, Paloma
Conflicting theories and mixed empirical results exist on the relationship between ethnic diversity and trust. This article argues that these mixed empirical results might be driven by contextual conditions. We conjecture that political competition could strengthen ethnic saliency and, in turn, salient ethnic identities can activate or intensify in-group trust and depress trust in members of other ethnic groups. We test this conjecture using the move toward secession in Catalonia, Spain. We conduct trust experiments across ethnic lines in Catalonia before and during the secessionist process. After three years of proindependence mobilization in Catalonia, one of the ethnic groups, Spanish speakers living in Catalonia, has indeed increased its in-group trust. This result is robust after a set of individual-level variables are controlled for, but no equivalent result is found in a comparable region, the Basque Country.

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