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2024-01-26
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte
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Las huellas que dejan Jesucristo y algunos santos, ya sea sobre tierra o sobre piedras, son índices de presencia histórica, y por lo general están asociadas con aquellos personajes que no dejaron restos corporales. A diferencia de los fragmentos del cuerpo, las huellas y la superficie donde éstas se imprimen adquieren el estatus de reliquia por medio de su contacto con la materia sagrada. En el siglo diecisiete, algunos relatos que argumentan sobre el trabajo apostólico que habría tenido lugar en América con anterioridad a la conquista española, ponen de relieve las pisadas y otras señales que habrían dejado santo Tomás, o uno de sus discípulos, como vestigios de su presencia y temprana evangelización en la región. Este artículo analiza los relatos coloniales sobre los vestigios del apóstol, y de manera particular la Crónica Moralizada (1638) de Antonio de la Calancha, como parte de un esfuerzo por construir una topografía cristiana sobre el paisaje andino. El lenguaje evocativo empleado por el autor, se argumenta, evidencia su interés en elevar el aura de las piedras en donde el santo había dejado rastros y señales. Al hacerlo, Calancha las transforma en objetos de contemplación a la vez que reafirma su condición como reliquias. Enfocándose en la materialidad de las piedras, y dirigiendo la atención del lector al detalle, Calancha replica la experiencia del peregrino, que se detiene a examinar devotamente y a tocar los lugares sagrados, así como la actitud reverente del devoto frente al relicario.
The footprints left by Jesus Christ and some saints, whether on earth or on stones, are indices of historical presence, and are generally associated with those figures who did not leave bodily remains. Unlike bodily fragments, footprints and other traces, as well as the surface on which they are inscribed, were in close proximity with sacred matter and because of this they are considered contact relics. In the seventeenth century, colonial accounts that argue about the evangelization of Spanish America prior to the conquest highlight the importance of footprints and other traces allegedly left by Saint Thomas or one of his disciples as evidence of their presence and apostolic work in the region. Focusing on Antonio de la Calancha’s Crónica Moralizada (1638), this article discusses such narratives as part of an effort to build a Christian topography on the Andean landscape. I argue that the evocative language employed by the author evidences his interest in heightening the sacred aura of the stones where the saint had left traces of his presence. By doing so, Calancha transforms them into objects of contemplation while reaffirming their status as relics. Focusing on the materiality of the stones, and directing the reader’s attention to detail, Calancha replicates the spiritual experience of pilgrims, arresting their pace to piously examine and touch the sacred places, as well as the reverence that devotees offered to reliquaries.
The footprints left by Jesus Christ and some saints, whether on earth or on stones, are indices of historical presence, and are generally associated with those figures who did not leave bodily remains. Unlike bodily fragments, footprints and other traces, as well as the surface on which they are inscribed, were in close proximity with sacred matter and because of this they are considered contact relics. In the seventeenth century, colonial accounts that argue about the evangelization of Spanish America prior to the conquest highlight the importance of footprints and other traces allegedly left by Saint Thomas or one of his disciples as evidence of their presence and apostolic work in the region. Focusing on Antonio de la Calancha’s Crónica Moralizada (1638), this article discusses such narratives as part of an effort to build a Christian topography on the Andean landscape. I argue that the evocative language employed by the author evidences his interest in heightening the sacred aura of the stones where the saint had left traces of his presence. By doing so, Calancha transforms them into objects of contemplation while reaffirming their status as relics. Focusing on the materiality of the stones, and directing the reader’s attention to detail, Calancha replicates the spiritual experience of pilgrims, arresting their pace to piously examine and touch the sacred places, as well as the reverence that devotees offered to reliquaries.
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Palabras clave
Antonio de la Calancha; Alonso Ramos Gavilán; reliquias por contacto; santo Tomás; pisadas del Apóstol; Antonio Ruiz de Montoya; cruz de Carabuco, Antonio de la Calancha; Alonso Ramos Gavilán; contact relic; St. Thomas; Apostle’s footprints; Antonio Ruiz de Montoya; Cross of Carabuco