Persona: Moreno Bella, Eva
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Moreno Bella
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Eva
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Publicación Affective neurolinguistics: towards a framework for reconciling language and emotion(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Hinojosa, José Antonio; Ferré Romeu, María Pilar; Moreno Bella, EvaStandard neurocognitive models of language processing have tended to obviate the need for incorporating emotion processes, while affective neuroscience theories have typically been concerned with the way in which people communicate their emotions, and have often simply not addressed linguistic issues. Here, we summarise evidence from temporal and spatial brain imaging studies that have investigated emotion effects on lexical, semantic and morphosyntactic aspects of language during the comprehension of single words and sentences. The evidence reviewed suggests that emotion is represented in the brain as a set of semantic features in a distributed sensory, motor, language and affective network. Also, emotion interacts with a number of lexical, semantic and syntactic features in different brain regions and timings. This is in line with the proposals of interactive neurocognitive models of language processing, which assume the interplay between different representational levels during on-line language comprehension.Publicación Crisis Complicates Peacebuilding in Postconflict Societies: COVID-19 Support Triggers Negative Outgroup Emotions Among Individuals With Low and High Prejudice(2023) Borinca, Islam; Sánchez Rodríguez, Ángel; Muldoon, Orla; Moreno Bella, EvaDespite research on intergroup relations showing that prejudice influences the effect of intergroup help on outgroup empathy, less is known about the interplay of prejudice and intergroup help on outgroup emotions, trust, and perceptions in postconflict societies, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, we examined whether outgroup prejudice moderates the effect of outgroup help with fighting COVID-19 on intergroup affect and intergroup perception. In two studies (Ntotal = 811), participants with low prejudice exhibited more negative intergroup emotions and perceptions (i.e., perceived outgroup dominance) and less outgroup trust when the outgroup’s country (i.e., a former opponent) had supported their country in fighting the pandemic than when it had supported another country or when support had been exchanged between other countries. In addition, participants with high prejudice exhibited more negative intergroup emotions and perceptions and less outgroup trust in all experimental conditions and perceived outgroup dominance explained the observed effects for participants with low prejudice. This article discusses what these results imply for theory and practice concerning postconflict intergroup relations.Publicación Potato not Pope: human brain potentials to gender expectation and agreement in Spanish spoken sentences(Elsevier, 2003-08-07) Wicha, Nicole; Bates, Elizabeth A.; Kutas, Marta; Moreno Bella, EvaEvent-related potentials were used to examine the role of grammatical gender in auditory sentence comprehension. Native Spanish speakers listened to sentence pairs in which a drawing depicting a noun was either congruent or incongruent with sentence meaning, and agreed or disagreed in gender with the immediately preceding spoken article. Semantically incongruent drawings elicited an N400 regardless of gender agreement. A similar negativity to prior articles of gender opposite to that of the contextually expected noun suggests that listeners predict specific words during comprehension. Gender disagreements at the drawing also elicited an increased negativity with a later onset and distribution distinct from the canonical N400, indicating that comprehenders attend to gender agreement, even when one of the words is only implicitly represented by a drawing.Publicación Can Bilinguals See It Coming? Word Anticipation in L2 Sentence Reading(American Psychological Association, 2014) Foucart, Alice; Martin, Clara D.; Costa, Albert; Moreno Bella, EvaWhy is it more difficult to comprehend a 2nd (L2) than a 1st language (L1)? In the present article we investigate whether difficulties during L2 sentence comprehension come from differences in the way L1 and L2 speakers anticipate upcoming words. We recorded the brain activity (event-related potentials) of Spanish monolinguals, French-Spanish late bilinguals, and Spanish-Catalan early bilinguals while reading sentences in Spanish. We manipulated the ending of highly constrained sentences so that the critical noun was either expected or not. The expected and unexpected nouns were of different gender so that we could observe potential anticipation effects already on the article. In line with previous studies, a modulation of the N400 effect was observed on the article and the noun, followed by an anterior positivity on the noun. Importantly, this pattern was found in all 3 groups, suggesting that, at least when their 2 languages are closely related, bilinguals are able to anticipate upcoming words in a similar manner as monolinguals.Publicación Anticipating Words and Their Gender: An Event-related Brain Potential Study of Semantic Integration, Gender Expectancy, and Gender Agreement in Spanish Sentence Reading(MIT Press Direct, 2004-09) Wicha, Nicole; Kutas, Marta; Moreno Bella, EvaRecent studies indicate that the human brain attends to and uses grammatical gender cues during sentence comprehension. Here, we examine the nature and time course of the effect of gender on word-by-word sentence reading. Eventrelated brain potentials were recorded to an article and noun, while native Spanish speakers read medium- to high-constraint Spanish sentences for comprehension. The noun either fit the sentence meaning or not, and matched the preceding article in gender or not; in addition, the preceding article was either expected or unexpected based on prior sentence context. Semantically anomalous nouns elicited an N400. Genderdisagreeing nouns elicited a posterior late positivity (P600), replicating previous findings for words. Gender agreement and semantic congruity interacted in both the N400 window—with a larger negativity frontally for double violations—and the P600 window—with a larger positivity for semantic anomalies, relative to the prestimulus baseline. Finally, unexpected articles elicited an enhanced positivity (500–700 msec post onset) relative to expected articles. Overall, our data indicate that readers anticipate and attend to the gender of both articles and nouns, and use gender in real time to maintain agreement and to build sentence meaning.Publicación Economic Inequality Shapes Gender Stereotypes(SAGE Publications, 2023-08) Willis, Guillermo B.; Quiroga Garza, Angélica; Moya, Miguel; Moreno Bella, EvaEconomic inequality is a main issue in current societies and it affects people’s psychological processes. In this research, we propose that perceived economic inequality might affect how people perceive men and women. In two experiments carried out in Spain (N = 170) and Mexico (N = 215), we tested whether high (vs. low) economic inequality leads to changes in the perceived agency and communion of both men and women. Our findings suggest that when economic inequality is high (vs. low), the communal content in social perceptions of both men and women decreases. Specifically, under high (vs. low) inequality, the difference in agency and communion ascribed to a man becomes greater (i.e., men are perceived as even more agentic than communal), whereas this difference becomes smaller for women (i.e., women are still perceived as more communal than agentic, but this difference is smaller). We discuss these findings’ implications regarding the psychosocial effects of economic inequality.Publicación Expecting Gender: An Event Related Brain Potential Study on the Role of Grammatical Gender in Comprehending a Line Drawing Within a Written Sentence in Spanish(Elsevier, 2003) Wicha, Nicole; Kutas, Marta; Moreno Bella, EvaEvent-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the role of grammatical gender in written sentence comprehension. Native Spanish speakers read sentences in which a drawing depicting a target noun was either congruent or incongruent with sentence meaning, and either agreed or disagreed in gender with that of the preceding article. The gender-agreement violation at the drawing was associated with an enhanced negativity between 500 and 700 msec post-stimulus onset. Semantically incongruent drawings elicited a larger N400 than congruent drawings regardless of gender (dis)agreement, indicating little effect of grammatical gender agreement on contextual integration of a picture into a written sentence context. We also observed an enhanced negativity for articles with unexpected relative to expected gender based on prior sentence context indicating that readers generate expectations for specific nouns and their articles.Publicación Spanish Adaptation of the Support for Economic Inequality Scale (S-SEIS)(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2023) Montoya Lozano, Mar; García Castro, Juan Diego; Willis, Guillermo B.; Rodríguez Bailón, Rosa; Moreno Bella, EvaAntecedentes: La versión Española de la Escala de Apoyo a la Desigualdad Económica (S-SEIS) evalúa la tendencia de las personas a tener actitudes positivas hacia la desigualdad económica. Método: Se realizaron dos estudios correlacionales, uno exploratorio (N = 619) y otro confirmatorio (N = 562). Resultados: S-SEIS mostró una buena fiabilidad en los dos estudios. El análisis factorial mostró una estructura unifactorial en el Estudio 1 que se confirmó en el Estudio 2. Igualmente encontramos una relación entre S-SEIS y otras medidas de actitudes hacia la desigualdad ampliamente utilizadas, como la intolerancia hacia la desigualdad. S-SEIS correlaciona positivamente con la creencia en un mundo justo, la orientación hacia la dominancia social (SDO), la justificación del sistema económico (ESJ), la confianza institucional y la democracia percibida; correlaciona negativamente con la intolerancia hacia la desigualdad, la desigualdad percibida, la sociabilidad/competencia percibida de las personas en situación de pobreza y el apoyo a la redistribución. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que la S-SEIS es una medida válida para evaluar el apoyo a la desigualdad económica en muestras españolas.Publicación ‘Congratulations for your day’: benevolent attitudes during March 8 in Mexico(Taylor & Francis, 2023-01-02) Quiroga Garza, Angélica; Matamoros Lima, Juan A.; Willis, Guillermo B.; Moreno Bella, EvaSexist attitudes reinforce gender inequality, but, are they absent on Women’s Day? This research examines the extent to which, in some contexts, Women’s Day can activate sexist attitudes that reinforce structural inequalities between men and women. Based on ambivalent sexism theory, we propose that people are more likely to agree with benevolent sexist attitudes on Women’s Day than on any other day. In Study 1 (N=190) we measured sexist attitudes on Women’s Day and then one month later. We found that participants asked on Women’s Day reported more benevolent sexism than participants asked a month later. Benevolent sexism was stronger on Women’s Day for men (who scored higher for both hostile and benevolent sexism than women). In order to establish causality, in Study 2 (N=175) we used an experimental paradigm in which we made Women’s Day more salient (against the control condition). Results showed that participants assigned to the Women’s Day experimental condition indicated more support for benevolent sexist attitudes than those assigned to the control condition and again (men scored higher on both dimensions of sexism across both conditions). This research provides evidence of the potential unintended effects of International Women’s Day and the challenges that women still face.Publicación Wage (In)equality Matters: The Effect of Organizational Economic Inequality on Others’ and Self-Ascriptions(Taylor & Francis, 2023-04-24) Kulich, Clara; Willis, Guillermo B.; Moya, Miguel; Rodríguez Bailón, Rosa; Moreno Bella, EvaEconomic inequality has consequences at the social-psychological level, such as in the way people make inferences about their environment and other people. In the present two preregistered studies, we used a paradigm of an organizational setting to manipulate economic inequality and measured ascriptions of agentic versus communal traits to employees and the self. In Study 1 (N = 187), participants attributed more agency than communion to a middle-status employee, and more communion than agency when economic equality was salient. In Study 2 (N = 198) this finding was replicated. Further, this inequality-agency association was explained by perceptions of competitive employee relationships. Results, moreover, suggested that participants mainly attributed more communion than agency to themselves in the equality condition. We conclude that agency and communion ascriptions may be functional and thus inform about the expectations people have on the nature of social relationships in the face of economic inequality.
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