Persona: Teira Serrano, David
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Teira Serrano
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Publicación History of Quasi- and Field experiment(James Wright, 2015) Díaz García, Alejandro; Jiménez Buedo, María; Teira Serrano, DavidField trials and quasi-experiments are comparative tests in which we assess the effects of one intervention (or a set thereof) on a group of subjects as compared to another intervention on another group of similar characteristics. The main difference between field trials and quasi-experiments is in the way the interventions are assigned to the groups: in the former the allocation is randomized whereas in the latter is not. We are going to see first the different roles played by randomization in medical experiments. Then we discuss how controlled field trials, originating in psychology, spread to the social sciences throughout the 20th century. Finally, we will show how the idea of a quasi-experiment appeared around a debate on what constitutes a valid test and what sort of controls guarantee it.Publicación Causality, Impartiality and Evidence-Based Policy(2012-04-11) Reiss, Julian; Teira Serrano, DavidRandomisation, the assignment of experimental subjects to treatment groups by means of a random number generator, was first systematically applied in psychic research in the late nineteenth century and became popular in statistics after Ronald Fisher advocated its use in 1926 (Hacking 1988). In medicine and development economics, the two sciences we will focus on in this chapter, randomised trials are now widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ of evidence. The overall aims of this chapter are to compare the use of randomised evaluations in these two sciences and to assess their ability to provide impartial evidence about causal claims. In short, we will argue that there are no good reasons to regard randomisation as a sine qua non for good evidential practice in either science. However, in medicine, but not in development economics, randomisation can provide impartiality from the point of view of regulatory agencies. The intuition is that if the available evidence leaves room for uncertainty about the effects of an intervention (such as a new drug), a regulator should make sure that such uncertainty cannot be exploited by some party’s private interest. We will argue that randomisation plays an important role in this context. By contrast, in the field evaluations that have recently become popular in development economics subjects have incentives to act strategically against the research protocol which undermines their use as neutral arbiter between conflicting parties.Publicación Manual de periodismo y verificación de noticias en la era de las "fake news"(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Editorial, 2021-07-01) Elías Pérez, Carlos; González Moreno, Daniel; García Marín, David; Mateos Martín, María Concepción; Pampín Quian, Alberto; Catalán Matamoros, Daniel; Carral Viral, Uxía; Tuñón Navarro, Jorge; Teira Serrano, David; Fernández-Roldán Díaz, Alejandro; Zamora Bonilla, Jesús PedroEl bulo siempre ha existido, pero la difusión global, masiva e instantánea gracias a los entornos digitales es algo novedoso. Contagia a toda la sociedad. Nos coloca ante una pandemia de desinformación que nos reclama prevención y vacuna. Con esa idea —vacunar contra la información falsa— nace este manual. A los autores —profesores de la universidad pública e investigadores de las "fake news" desde distintas perspectivas— nos llegaban peticiones de sectores como periodistas o profesores de universidad y de Secundaria que anhelaban un manual con lenguaje claro, con ejercicios didácticos y con ejemplos cercanos que ayudaran a entender el fenómeno, y que pudiera usarse indistintamente en redacciones, facultades e institutos. Y con ese propósito hemos trabajado: abordamos desde qué es una "fake news" hasta cómo se verifica una noticia; desde cómo el cerebro crea sesgos cognitivos que favorecen la desinformación hasta cómo Wikipedia o Facebook dominan el marco ideológico. Estudiamos la producción, la distribución y la recepción de textos, imágenes y sonidos, porque no sólo se miente con palabras. Y exploramos cómo repercute la desinformación en ámbitos diversos como el auge de los populismos o la salud, sobre todo tras la pandemia del Covid-19.Publicación Statistical evidence and the reliability of medical research(['M. Solomon', 'H. Kincaid', 'J. Simon'], 2016-01-01) Andreoletti, Mattia; Teira Serrano, DavidStatistical evidence is pervasive in medicine. In this chapter we will focus on the reliability of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted to test the safety and efficacy of medical treatments. RCTs are scientific experiments and, as such, we expect them to be replicable: if we repeat the same experiment time and again, we should obtain the same outcome (Norton 2015). The statistical design of the test should guarantee that the observed outcome is not a random event, but rather a real effect of the treatments administered. However, for more than a decade now we have been discussing a replicability crisis across different experimental disciplines including medicine: the outcomes of trials published in very prestigious journals often disappear when the experiment is repeated –see for instance Lehrer 2010, Begley and Ellis 2012, Horton 2015).Publicación Frank Knight y los positivistas(Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2002-03-17) Pradier, Pierre Charles; González Fernández, Wenceslao J.; Teira Serrano, DavidEn este artículo intentaremos precisar en qué sentido fue el primer Knight un antipositivista -veinte años antes de la aparición de la obra de Hutchinson- a partir de un análisis contextualizado de sus argumentos filosóficos y económicos. En primer lugar, intentamos restituir su contexto polémico original a los argumentos de Knight, interpretándolos como parte de controversias que hoy son ya historia. En segundo lugar, tratamos de seguir el curso de estos argumentos desde la economía a la filosofía -y a la inversa, cuando es el caso-, sin incurrir en el anacronismo de considerar al positivismo lógico el único de los positivismos que Knight pudo tener a la vista. En este sentido, nuestro análisis pretende contribuir a una mejor comprensión de lo que significó el positivismo en economía antes de que se asociase en los años 1950 a las tesis de FriedmanPublicación On the normative foundations of pharmaceutical regulation(['Barbara Osimani', 'Adam LaCaze'], 2017-06-08) Teira Serrano, DavidI argue that behind the 1962 Food and Drug Administration Act we find a combination of two normative principles: a liberal argument for the protection of pharmaceutical markets (in terms of quality control) and a paternalist argument for the protection of pharmaceutical consumers (in terms of drug safety and efficacy). These normative intuitions go hand in hand with the choice of regulatory testing standards: depending on the values the regulator wants to protect, she will avail herself of different testing methods. I explore two potential justifications for regulatory paternalism, in terms of risk aversion and impartiality. I defend our current regulatory arrangement against socialist and libertarian critiques.Publicación Introducción(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Editorial, 2021-07-01) Elías Pérez, Carlos; Teira Serrano, DavidPublicación Quasi- and Field Experiments(2015) Díaz García, Alejandro; Jiménez Buedo, María; Teira Serrano, DavidField trials and quasi-experiments are comparative tests in which we assess the effects of one intervention (or a set thereof) on a group of subjects as compared to another intervention on another group of similar characteristics. The main difference between field trials and quasi-experiments is in the way the interventions are assigned to the groups: in the former the allocation is randomized whereas in the latter is not. We are going to see first the different roles played by randomization in medical experiments. Then we discuss how controlled field trials, originating in psychology, spread to the social sciences throughout the 20th century. Finally, we will show how the idea of a quasi-experiment appeared around a debate on what constitutes a valid test and what sort of controls guarantee it.Publicación Testing oncological treatments in the era of personalized medicine(['G. Boniolo', 'M. Nathan'], 2016-01-01) Teira Serrano, DavidShould conventional randomized clinical trials provide the standard of safety and efficacy when testing targeted treatments for cancer? Should we make amendments to our current regulatory standard, stick to it, or dispense with it? I am going to maintain that, under certain circumstances, smaller phase II trials provide good enough grounds to grant regulatory approval for targeted therapies. My argument will hinge on the size of trial population, showing how this size is important not only for scientific considerations, but also for ethical and political reasons. The current system was designed to provide massive consumer protection at a point when our understanding of the biology of cancer was still relatively poor and statistical tests gave the only solid evidence about treatment effects. With targeted therapies, risks are hedged in a way that allows patients (if well informed) to make decisions for themselves, instead of deferring on pharmaceutical regulators.Publicación Continental Philosophies of the Social Sciences(2013-03-23) Teira Serrano, DavidI will focus on a few paradigmatic instances of continental philosophies of the social sciences, discussing each one separately without any attempt to find a common thread. The following three sections will deal, in this order, with Marxism, phenomenology and, more briefly, Foucault. I have chosen these three approaches for just one reason: they have had a real influence on how social research has been conducted throughout the 20th century. There have been Marxist, phenomenological and Foucauldian social scientists and they can claim that their research methods are effectively grounded in philosophical principles that analytically-oriented social scientists do not share. Next, I will focus on positive guidelines implemented in current social sciences rather than on principled philosophical discussions about how they should be cultivated. In the case of Marxism, this implies an assessment of major contributions in several fields, whereas phenomenologists or Foucauldians have so far been a dissenting minority with minor professional impact. I follow the (mostly) analytically-minded habit of working with case studies where methodologies are actually implemented. The aim of this chapter is just to show the relevance of continental ideas for certain research agendas, focusing more on their efficacy in actual scientific practices than on their internal philosophical merits. This judgment is admittedly analytically inspired, but I hope not entirely unfair to the continental accomplishments.