Persona: Teira Serrano, David
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Teira Serrano
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David
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Publicación Blinding and the non-interference assumption in medical and social trials(2012-12-25) Teira Serrano, DavidIn this paper, I am going to present and defend the following claims. First, if the participants are not indifferent regarding treatments, we need to implement a blinding device in every trial in order to ground the Non Interference Assumption. But we cannot take its efficacy for granted: we need to test that the blinding actually controlled for the expectations of the participants and no malign unmasking spoiled the NIA. Precisely because this test is necessary, we can only blind the participants up to a certain point: we cannot deceive them. There is evidence showing that if they suspect they are being deceived, they will deviate from the trial protocol, flawing the outcome.Publicación History of Quasi- and Field experiment(James Wright, 2015) Díaz García, Alejandro; Jiménez Buedo, María; Teira Serrano, DavidField trials and quasi-experiments are comparative tests in which we assess the effects of one intervention (or a set thereof) on a group of subjects as compared to another intervention on another group of similar characteristics. The main difference between field trials and quasi-experiments is in the way the interventions are assigned to the groups: in the former the allocation is randomized whereas in the latter is not. We are going to see first the different roles played by randomization in medical experiments. Then we discuss how controlled field trials, originating in psychology, spread to the social sciences throughout the 20th century. Finally, we will show how the idea of a quasi-experiment appeared around a debate on what constitutes a valid test and what sort of controls guarantee it.Publicación Milton Friedman, the Statistical Methodologist(2008-05-15) Teira Serrano, DavidIn this paper I study Milton Friedman’s statistical education, paying special attention to the different methodological approaches (Fisher, Neyman and Savage) to which he was exposed. I contend that these statistical procedures involved different views as to the evaluation of statistical predictions. In this light, the thesis defended in Friedman’s 1953 methodological essay appears substantially ungrounded.Publicación Causality, Impartiality and Evidence-Based Policy(2012-04-11) Reiss, Julian; Teira Serrano, DavidRandomisation, the assignment of experimental subjects to treatment groups by means of a random number generator, was first systematically applied in psychic research in the late nineteenth century and became popular in statistics after Ronald Fisher advocated its use in 1926 (Hacking 1988). In medicine and development economics, the two sciences we will focus on in this chapter, randomised trials are now widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ of evidence. The overall aims of this chapter are to compare the use of randomised evaluations in these two sciences and to assess their ability to provide impartial evidence about causal claims. In short, we will argue that there are no good reasons to regard randomisation as a sine qua non for good evidential practice in either science. However, in medicine, but not in development economics, randomisation can provide impartiality from the point of view of regulatory agencies. The intuition is that if the available evidence leaves room for uncertainty about the effects of an intervention (such as a new drug), a regulator should make sure that such uncertainty cannot be exploited by some party’s private interest. We will argue that randomisation plays an important role in this context. By contrast, in the field evaluations that have recently become popular in development economics subjects have incentives to act strategically against the research protocol which undermines their use as neutral arbiter between conflicting parties.Publicación On the impartiality of early British clinical trials(2013-06-04) Teira Serrano, DavidDid the impartiality of clinical trials play any role in their acceptance as regulatory standards for the safety and efficacy of drugs? According to the standard account of early British trials in the 1930s and 1940s, their impartiality was just rhetorical: the public demanded fair tests and statistical devices such as randomization created an appearance of neutrality. In fact, the design of the experiment was difficult to understand and the British authorities took advantage of it to promote their own particular interests. I claim that this account is based on a poorly defined concept of experimental fairness (derived from T. Porter’s ideas). I present an alternative approach in which a test would be impartial if it incorporates warrants of non-manipulability. With this concept, I reconstruct the history of British trials showing that they were indeed fair and this fairness played a role in their acceptance as regulatory yardsticks.Publicación Camarada Gustavo Bueno Martínez(2023-01-25) Teira Serrano, DavidBreve presentación de los años de Gustavo Bueno como comisario político de la falange en Salamanca en los años 1950sPublicación Manual de periodismo y verificación de noticias en la era de las "fake news"(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Editorial, 2021-07-01) Elías Pérez, Carlos; González Moreno, Daniel; García Marín, David; Mateos Martín, María Concepción; Pampín Quian, Alberto; Catalán Matamoros, Daniel; Carral Viral, Uxía; Tuñón Navarro, Jorge; Teira Serrano, David; Fernández-Roldán Díaz, Alejandro; Zamora Bonilla, Jesús PedroEl bulo siempre ha existido, pero la difusión global, masiva e instantánea gracias a los entornos digitales es algo novedoso. Contagia a toda la sociedad. Nos coloca ante una pandemia de desinformación que nos reclama prevención y vacuna. Con esa idea —vacunar contra la información falsa— nace este manual. A los autores —profesores de la universidad pública e investigadores de las "fake news" desde distintas perspectivas— nos llegaban peticiones de sectores como periodistas o profesores de universidad y de Secundaria que anhelaban un manual con lenguaje claro, con ejercicios didácticos y con ejemplos cercanos que ayudaran a entender el fenómeno, y que pudiera usarse indistintamente en redacciones, facultades e institutos. Y con ese propósito hemos trabajado: abordamos desde qué es una "fake news" hasta cómo se verifica una noticia; desde cómo el cerebro crea sesgos cognitivos que favorecen la desinformación hasta cómo Wikipedia o Facebook dominan el marco ideológico. Estudiamos la producción, la distribución y la recepción de textos, imágenes y sonidos, porque no sólo se miente con palabras. Y exploramos cómo repercute la desinformación en ámbitos diversos como el auge de los populismos o la salud, sobre todo tras la pandemia del Covid-19.Publicación Statistical evidence and the reliability of medical research(['M. Solomon', 'H. Kincaid', 'J. Simon'], 2016-01-01) Andreoletti, Mattia; Teira Serrano, DavidStatistical evidence is pervasive in medicine. In this chapter we will focus on the reliability of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted to test the safety and efficacy of medical treatments. RCTs are scientific experiments and, as such, we expect them to be replicable: if we repeat the same experiment time and again, we should obtain the same outcome (Norton 2015). The statistical design of the test should guarantee that the observed outcome is not a random event, but rather a real effect of the treatments administered. However, for more than a decade now we have been discussing a replicability crisis across different experimental disciplines including medicine: the outcomes of trials published in very prestigious journals often disappear when the experiment is repeated –see for instance Lehrer 2010, Begley and Ellis 2012, Horton 2015).Publicación Etica o economía : Philippe van Parijs y la renta básica(2003-02-22) Teira Serrano, DavidLa renta básica se nos presenta en la obra de Philippe van Parijs como una propuesta política filosóficamente argumentada, de modo tal que convencerá tanto al teórico de la justicia como al ciudadano que votará su implantación. En este artículo analizamos la argumentación de van Parijs mostrando cómo la efectividad política de sus tesis sólo se sostiene a costa de reducir el debate sobre la renta básica a los términos de su propia concepción de la ética. Ponemos en duda, por nuestra parte, el alcance de esta reducción sobre un doble plano: diluye por completo la dimensión prudencial de toda argumentación política, y no deja más alternativa que la educación sentimental para quienes no se dejen convencer por el equilibrio reflexivo.Publicación Debiasing methods and the acceptability of experimental outcomes(2016-01-01) Teira Serrano, DavidWhy scientists reach an agreement on new experimental methods when there are conflicts of interest about the evidence they yield? I argue that debiasing methods play a crucial role in this consensus, providing a warrant about the impartiality of the outcome regarding the preferences of different parties involved in the experiment. From a contractarian perspective, I contend that an epistemic pre-requisite for scientists to agree on an experimental method is that this latter is neutral regarding their competing interests. I present two medical experiments (on smallpox inoculation and Mesmerism) in which debiasing procedures such as blinding and data tabulation provided warrants of impartiality that made people agree on the experimental design even if they disagreed on the outcome.