Persona: Teira Serrano, David
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Teira Serrano
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Publicación Blinding and the non-interference assumption in medical and social trials(2012-12-25) Teira Serrano, DavidIn this paper, I am going to present and defend the following claims. First, if the participants are not indifferent regarding treatments, we need to implement a blinding device in every trial in order to ground the Non Interference Assumption. But we cannot take its efficacy for granted: we need to test that the blinding actually controlled for the expectations of the participants and no malign unmasking spoiled the NIA. Precisely because this test is necessary, we can only blind the participants up to a certain point: we cannot deceive them. There is evidence showing that if they suspect they are being deceived, they will deviate from the trial protocol, flawing the outcome.Publicación Milton Friedman, the Statistical Methodologist(2008-05-15) Teira Serrano, DavidIn this paper I study Milton Friedman’s statistical education, paying special attention to the different methodological approaches (Fisher, Neyman and Savage) to which he was exposed. I contend that these statistical procedures involved different views as to the evaluation of statistical predictions. In this light, the thesis defended in Friedman’s 1953 methodological essay appears substantially ungrounded.Publicación Causality, Impartiality and Evidence-Based Policy(2012-04-11) Reiss, Julian; Teira Serrano, DavidRandomisation, the assignment of experimental subjects to treatment groups by means of a random number generator, was first systematically applied in psychic research in the late nineteenth century and became popular in statistics after Ronald Fisher advocated its use in 1926 (Hacking 1988). In medicine and development economics, the two sciences we will focus on in this chapter, randomised trials are now widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ of evidence. The overall aims of this chapter are to compare the use of randomised evaluations in these two sciences and to assess their ability to provide impartial evidence about causal claims. In short, we will argue that there are no good reasons to regard randomisation as a sine qua non for good evidential practice in either science. However, in medicine, but not in development economics, randomisation can provide impartiality from the point of view of regulatory agencies. The intuition is that if the available evidence leaves room for uncertainty about the effects of an intervention (such as a new drug), a regulator should make sure that such uncertainty cannot be exploited by some party’s private interest. We will argue that randomisation plays an important role in this context. By contrast, in the field evaluations that have recently become popular in development economics subjects have incentives to act strategically against the research protocol which undermines their use as neutral arbiter between conflicting parties.Publicación On the impartiality of early British clinical trials(2013-06-04) Teira Serrano, DavidDid the impartiality of clinical trials play any role in their acceptance as regulatory standards for the safety and efficacy of drugs? According to the standard account of early British trials in the 1930s and 1940s, their impartiality was just rhetorical: the public demanded fair tests and statistical devices such as randomization created an appearance of neutrality. In fact, the design of the experiment was difficult to understand and the British authorities took advantage of it to promote their own particular interests. I claim that this account is based on a poorly defined concept of experimental fairness (derived from T. Porter’s ideas). I present an alternative approach in which a test would be impartial if it incorporates warrants of non-manipulability. With this concept, I reconstruct the history of British trials showing that they were indeed fair and this fairness played a role in their acceptance as regulatory yardsticks.Publicación Camarada Gustavo Bueno Martínez(2023-01-25) Teira Serrano, DavidBreve presentación de los años de Gustavo Bueno como comisario político de la falange en Salamanca en los años 1950sPublicación Manual de periodismo y verificación de noticias en la era de las "fake news"(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Editorial, 2021-07-01) Elías Pérez, Carlos; González Moreno, Daniel; García Marín, David; Mateos Martín, María Concepción; Pampín Quian, Alberto; Catalán Matamoros, Daniel; Carral Viral, Uxía; Tuñón Navarro, Jorge; Teira Serrano, David; Fernández-Roldán Díaz, Alejandro; Zamora Bonilla, Jesús PedroEl bulo siempre ha existido, pero la difusión global, masiva e instantánea gracias a los entornos digitales es algo novedoso. Contagia a toda la sociedad. Nos coloca ante una pandemia de desinformación que nos reclama prevención y vacuna. Con esa idea —vacunar contra la información falsa— nace este manual. A los autores —profesores de la universidad pública e investigadores de las "fake news" desde distintas perspectivas— nos llegaban peticiones de sectores como periodistas o profesores de universidad y de Secundaria que anhelaban un manual con lenguaje claro, con ejercicios didácticos y con ejemplos cercanos que ayudaran a entender el fenómeno, y que pudiera usarse indistintamente en redacciones, facultades e institutos. Y con ese propósito hemos trabajado: abordamos desde qué es una "fake news" hasta cómo se verifica una noticia; desde cómo el cerebro crea sesgos cognitivos que favorecen la desinformación hasta cómo Wikipedia o Facebook dominan el marco ideológico. Estudiamos la producción, la distribución y la recepción de textos, imágenes y sonidos, porque no sólo se miente con palabras. Y exploramos cómo repercute la desinformación en ámbitos diversos como el auge de los populismos o la salud, sobre todo tras la pandemia del Covid-19.Publicación On the normative foundations of pharmaceutical regulation(['Barbara Osimani', 'Adam LaCaze'], 2017-06-08) Teira Serrano, DavidI argue that behind the 1962 Food and Drug Administration Act we find a combination of two normative principles: a liberal argument for the protection of pharmaceutical markets (in terms of quality control) and a paternalist argument for the protection of pharmaceutical consumers (in terms of drug safety and efficacy). These normative intuitions go hand in hand with the choice of regulatory testing standards: depending on the values the regulator wants to protect, she will avail herself of different testing methods. I explore two potential justifications for regulatory paternalism, in terms of risk aversion and impartiality. I defend our current regulatory arrangement against socialist and libertarian critiques.Publicación On the limits of cultural relativism as a debiasing method(2021-01-01) Teira Serrano, DavidI analyse cultural relativism as a methodological strategy to correct for ethnocentric biases in anthropological fieldwork. I discuss the format debiasing norms may adopt (rules or standards) depending on whether a discipline has a causal or interpretative outlook. Boas and his school advocated for an interpretative approach to ethnographic fieldwork, in which cultural relativism was implemented as a standard (“Only culturally unbiased reports are admissible”) to be interpreted by expert third parties. Legitimate as it may be as a debiasing method, it does not allow anthropologists to adjudicate their debates on biases in their ethnographic record.Publicación El oráculo gramatical de Agustín García Calvo(1998-11-01) Teira Serrano, DavidLo que queremos mostrar en este ensayo es que la pretendida razón común ejercitada por García Calvo en sus escritos encubre una concepción metafísica muy particular del lenguaje, de la que dimanan sus análisis gramaticales de la Realidad; una concepción que no se defiende sino que se postula oracularmente: lo que hay es lenguaje. A ello sumaremos una breve consideración de las limitaciones de esos análisis, más allá de que se conceda o no la tesis metafísica de partida.Publicación What evidence for a cholera vaccine? Jaime Ferrán’s submissions to the Prix Bréant(2023-01-01) Uzcanga Lacabe, Clara; Teira Serrano, DavidThis article analyses how the French Academy of Sciences assessed Jaime Ferrán’s cholera vaccine submitted for the Prix Bréant in the 1880s. Ferrán, a Spanish independent physician, discovered the treatment in 1884 and tried it on thousands of patients during the cholera outbreak in Valencia the following year. His evaluation sparked a controversy in Spain and abroad on the vaccine’s efficacy. The Bréant jury did not see any evidence for it in Ferrán’s submission, a decision usually interpreted in terms of French scientific nationalism (or simple chauvinism): an outsider from the scientific periphery could not be awarded the Bréant. Drawing on the archival records of the award, we suggest that Ferrán failed instead to provide data that the Academy could consider unbiased, according to the contemporary standards for data presentation. We will illustrate these standards at work in the assessment of another submission from Spain, by Philipp Hauser, who received the Bréant for the thoroughness of his statistical endeavour.