Persona:
Fernández Sedano, Iciar

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Fernández Sedano
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Iciar
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2020 - 202416
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Mostrando 1 - 10 de 16
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The Bright Side of Abstraction: Abstractness Promoted More Empathic Concern, a More Positive Emotional Climate, and More Humanity-Esteem After the Paris Terrorist Attacks in 2015
    (Frontiers Media, 2020-11-26) Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muñoz, Dolores; Oceja, Luis; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Antecedents: Previous research on citizens’ reactions after terrorist events has shown that positive reactions can also emerge alongside pain and horror. Positive emotions have been widely associated with an abstract style of thinking. In the context of the Paris terrorist attacks in 2015, we explored Spanish citizens’ positive reactions – empathic concern, positive emotional climate, and esteem for humanity – and examined the relationships of these responses with an abstract (vs. concrete) style of thinking. Method: A longitudinal study was designed involving an online questionnaire that was administered 10 days, 3 weeks, and 2 months after the attacks (N = 253). Results: Empathic concern and personal distress toward Parisians decreased from the weeks following the attacks to 2 months later, with empathic concern always being more intense than personal distress. Emotional climate was perceived as more hostile than positive, although positive feelings persisted. People reported moderately positive esteem for humanity. Individuals with a more abstract style of thinking reported greater empathic concern, a more positive emotional climate, and more esteem for humanity. Conclusions: Our results support and extend previous research showing that abstraction enhances people’s resilience, even under traumatic circumstances such as those surrounding a terrorist attack.
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    The Link between Abstract Thinking Style and Subjective Well-Being: Its Impact when People are in (Real or Perceived) Financial Scarcity
    (Cambridge University Press, 2024-02-22) Caballero González, Amparo; Laforet, Bronwyn; Carrera Levillain, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    For constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macro- social level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID–19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID–19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysis
  • Miniatura
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    Auto-ocultación del acoso escolar si se es víctima, agresor o testigo, y su vinculación con el bienestar subjetivo
    (Fundación Universitaria Católica del Norte, 2020-10-13) Fernández García, Andrés; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    El bullying es un comportamiento muy frecuente y ocurre sin ninguna provocación aparente por parte de quien lo sufre. Con el objeto de analizar cómo influye la auto-ocultación sobre el bienestar subjetivo, cuando se está implicado en situaciones de acoso escolar, se realizó una investigación con una muestra de 299 estudiantes, en centros de Lanzarote (Canarias, España), a través de un diseño correlacional donde cada alumno se auto-identifica como víctima, agresor o testigo. Los participantes tenían una media de 11.81 años (DT=.87), y el 50,2 % eran hombres. Los resultados descriptivos mostraron diferencias significativas respecto a las víctimas, consistentes en menor bienestar subjetivo y mayor auto-ocultación. La auto-ocultación del bullying, frecuencia de acoso escolar y edad, explicaron el 29,1 % de la varianza del bienestar subjetivo de los alumnos. El análisis de mediación moderada constató que a más frecuencia de acoso escolar se produce una mayor auto-ocultación, y que, a su vez, esta mayor auto-ocultación se asoció negativamente al bienestar subjetivo, tanto para las víctimas como para los agresores. En conclusión, los resultados de este trabajo confirman que una elevada auto-ocultación, cuando sucede el acoso, es perjudicial para el bienestar subjetivo.
  • Miniatura
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    The links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being
    (Wiley, 2022-07-11) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    In the present research, we examined the links among relative financial scarcity, thinking style, fatalism, and well-being and their roles in predicting protective behaviors against COVID-19. Study 1 (N = 120) revealed that after an experimental manipulation to induce the perception of relative financial scarcity (versus financial abundance), people who perceived higher relative financial scarcity changed their thinking style to a more concrete mindset. In Study 2 (N = 873), the relative financial abundance–scarcity situation was measured, and the results showed that the greater the perceived relative financial scarcity was, the more concrete the mindset and the lower the sense of well-being. Impor- tantly, we found that individuals who felt poorer but maintained an abstract thinking style reported higher well-being. Study 3 (N = 501) examined the influence of a concrete thinking style in people who perceived that their economic situation had worsened with the pandemic. The results showed that when this vulnerable population presented a more concrete mindset, they reported lower well-being, higher fatalism, and lower protective behavior against COVID-19. Thus, maintaining an abstract mindset promotes higher well-being, lower fatalism, and greater protective behaviors against COVID-19, even under economic difficulties. Because thinking style can be modified, our results encourage the development of new social intervention programs to promote an abstract mindset when people face important challenges.
  • Miniatura
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    The Relationships between Economic Scarcity, Concrete Mindset and Risk Behavior: A Study of Nicaraguan Adolescents
    (MDPI, 2020-05-28) Aguilar, Pilar; Caballero, Amparo; Sevillano, Verónica; Muño, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Background: Nicaragua is one of the poorest countries in Latin America, with an extremely low human development index (HDI). Fifty-two percent of the Nicaraguan population are children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Nicaraguan adolescents present several risk behaviors (such as teenage pregnancies, consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis). Our study examines the links between risk behaviors, fatalism, real economic scarcity, and concrete construal level for adolescents with low and middle-low socioeconomic status in Nicaragua. Methods: Nicaraguan adolescents (N = 834) from schools located in especially vulnerable areas (low economic status) or in neighborhoods with middle-low social class completed several scales and questions to evaluate fatalism (SFC—social fatalism scale), construal level (BIF) and their past and future risk behaviors (smoking cigarettes, smoking cannabis, unsafe sex, and alcohol consumption). Results: We identified that the poorest individuals who maintained a concrete style of thinking had the highest rates of past and future risk behaviors. This vulnerable group also reported the highest levels of fatalism, i.e., negative attitudes and feelings of helplessness. Encouragingly, the adolescents who were able to maintain an abstract mindset reported healthier past and future habits and lower fatalism, even when they belonged to the lowest social status. In the middle-low economic group, the construal level was not as relevant to maintaining healthy habits, as adolescents reported similar rates of past and future risk behavior at both construal levels. Conclusions: All these results support the importance of considering construal level when studying vulnerable populations and designing risk prevention programs
  • Miniatura
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    Self-Transcendent Emotions and Their Social Effects: Awe, Elevation and Kama Muta Promote a Human Identification and Motivations to Help Others
    (Frontiers Media, 2021-09-13) Pizarro Carrasco, José J.; Basabe, Nekane; Carrera, Pilar; Apodaca, Pedro; Man Ging, Carlos I.; Cusi, Olaia; Páez, Darío; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    Abundant literature shows the effects of negative emotions on motivations to engage in collective action (i.e., to collectively mobilize personal resources to achieve a common objective), as well as their influence on the creation of shared identities. In this proposal, we focus on the possible role of Self-Transcendent Emotions (STEs) defined as positive-valence emotions that have been key in the creation and maintenance of collective identities, as well as in promoting individuals well-being. In detail, we examine their influence in (a) strengthening a global identification, (b) increasing willingness to collectively help others, and (c) improving people’s wellbeing. For this reason, we conducted a preliminary literature review of k = 65 independent studies on the effects of STEs on connection to others. Through this review (fully available in Supplementary Materials), we selected a sample of STEs (Awe, Elevation, and Kama Muta) and elicitors to conduct a video-base study. In it, 1,064 university students from 3 different cultural regions (from Spain and Ecuador) were randomized to answer one of three STE scales (i.e., each measuring one of the selected STEs), and evaluate three videos in random order (i.e., each prototypical for the selected STEs). Participants also answered a measure of global identification and intentions to collectively help others (after each video), as well as self-transcendent and well-being (at the end of the survey). Results from SEM analyses show these STEs motivated a fusion of identity with all humanity, as well as collective intentions to help others, even controlling for individuals’ value orientations. In addition, the three of them indirectly increased participants’ well-being through a higher global identity. While there are differences among them, these three STEs share common elements and their effects are constant across the different cultural regions. It is concluded that Awe, Elevation, and Kama Muta, even individually experienced, have a significant potential to influence people’s behavior. Specifically, in various forms of collective action aimed at helping others.
  • Miniatura
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    Individualismo y colectivismo en el comportamiento de adolescentes costarricenses frente a la desigualdad en la distribución de recursos
    (Fundación Universitaria Católica del Norte, 2024-02-02) Chaverri Chaves, Pablo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    La importancia de la cultura en la desigualdad es reconocida en la literatura académica, pero no es claro a través de qué mecanismos se relacionan ambos fenómenos. El presente estudio examinó la influencia de la orientación cultural individualista-colectivista ante la desigualdad en la distribución de recursos en adolescentes costarricenses (N = 264, M edad = 13.42 años, DE edad = .72, 50.8 % mujeres). Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental con un priming agentivo en tres condiciones (individualista, colectivista y control) como variable independiente, y el Juego del Ultimátum -JdU- (en versión de pago por trabajo) como variable dependiente. Como covariables se incluyeron el autoconcepto independiente e interdependiente, la percepción de la desigualdad en la vida cotidiana, la preocupación por el dinero, la religiosidad, la autopercepción de clase social y las características sociodemográficas. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el priming individualista y un mayor rechazo a los tratos altamente desiguales, aunque no así con los tratos moderadamente desiguales, y no hubo significación con el priming colectivista. Estos hallazgos indican que las orientaciones culturales juegan un papel relevante en el comportamiento ante la desigualdad social. Este estudio representa una innovación metodológica al relacionar técnicas de priming con técnicas de juegos económicos.
  • Miniatura
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    Experiencias innovadoras e integradoras de Justicia Restaurativa en ejecución de condena: proyecto restauravidas. Reintegración en el país de origen.
    (UNED, 2021-07) Lozano Espina, Francisca; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    La presente publicación sintetiza un estudio basado en datos descriptivos provenientes del desarrollo de un programa de inter- vención con personas españolas condenadas a privación de libertad en el extranjero por el tráfico de drogas. El doble objetivo de este trabajo radi- ca en el análisis de determinados procesos psicológicos, criminológicos y restaurativos presentes en estas personas en su proceso de reintegración tras la experiencia traumática, así como la detección del perfil mayori- tario en este tipo de delitos, para la aplicación de este conocimiento de cara a futuras políticas y acciones sensibilizadoras y preventivas
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    Effects of fear of crime and financial scarcity on wellbeing and prison sentences
    (Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid, 2023-02) Arjona, Beatriz; Arias, Ana V.; Lozano, Francisca; Silván Ferrero, Mª Del Prado; Nouvilas Palleja, Encarnación; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    En la presente investigación se examina si el miedo que se siente ante el delito guarda relación con la percepción de escasez de recursos económicos que se tiene para sufragar necesidades, tratando de determinar si dicha emoción influye en la consideración de que el transgresor deba cumplir condena de cárcel. Además, a través de un diseño correlacional se analiza cómo se vincula el miedo al delito y la percepción de escasez de recursos con el estado de ánimo y el bienestar. Los resultados en una amplia muestra de participantes españoles (1,474) han constatado que no existe relación entre ambas preocupaciones (miedo al delito y percepción de recursos económicos escasos), que un porcentaje no significativo (1.1%)desea que el infractor cumpla pena de prisión, que sentir miedo no correlaciona con el bienestar general y que la escasez de recursos no muestra diferencias significativas en el estado de ánimo positivo. Estos hallazgos nos permiten avanzar en el estudio de las problemáticas analizadas y proponer soluciones para amortiguar sus consecuencias.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
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    Does poverty promote a different and harmful way of thinking? The links between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors
    (Springer, 2021-10-15) Caballero, Amparo; Aguilar, Pilar; Muñoz, Dolores; Carrera, Pilar; Fernández Sedano, Iciar
    We tested the relationships between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors. We manipulated the lack of economic resources using a priming task in Studies 1 and 2, and participants reported their real income and completed the BIF scale to measure their construal level in Study 3. Studies 1–3 supported the link between perceived economic scarcity and the concrete construal level. Study 4 demonstrated the mediating role played by the concrete construal level in the influence of economic scarcity on risk behaviors using two opposite priming procedures (scarcity plus abstraction). Study 5, in a real context of economic vulnerability, supported the link between concrete mindset and risk behavioral intentions, while abstraction was associated with fewer risk intentions. Concrete thinking implies focusing on the immediate situation, which might facilitate adaptation to the demanding conditions that characterize scarcity contexts but leaves people without a broad perspective of the future to make safe decisions in situations that involve self-control, such as health-risk behaviors. Because an abstract construal level can be induced, these findings open up challenging ways to improve the conditions in which people in scarcity contexts make some behavioral decisions while we continue working to reduce situations of economic scarcity.