Persona: Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca, María José
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mjfuster@psi.uned.es
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0000-0003-4304-7194
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Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca
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María José
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Publicación Psicología Social Volumen II(Sanz y Torres, 2023) Fernández Arregui, Saulo; Fernández Sedano, Iciar; Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca, María José; Lois García, David; Vázquez Botana, AlexandraPublicación Moral foundations and HIV-related stigma in Spain: examining moralization as a key mechanism(Taylor & Francis, 2026-04-16) Catena Fernández, Cristian; Magallares Sanjuan, Alejandro; Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca, María JoséHIV-related stigma remains a persistent barrier to the well-being of people with HIV. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we conducted two studies in Spain to explore how individualizing (particularly care) and binding (particularly purity) foundations contribute to HIV-related stigma, and whether this relationship is mediated by the moralization of HIV. In Study 1, binding foundations were associated with higher levels of HIV moralization and HIV-related stigma, while individualizing foundations predicted lower levels of both. In Study 2, we contrasted care- versus purity-based moral framing and assessed the moralization of HIV and several measures of HIV-related stigma, as in Study 1. Participants exposed to messages emphasizing the social benefits of purity (vs. care) were more likely to moralize HIV and express negative attitudes toward people with HIV; however, neither framing condition differed from the control condition. Moreover, indirect effects indicated that purity framing may heighten HIV-related stigma through increased moralization of HIV. These findings suggest that moral concerns — particularly purity — contribute to HIV-related stigma by imbuing HIV with moral significance. We discuss the implications for HIV stigma-reduction strategies.Publicación Evaluation of a peer intervention project in the hospital setting to improve the healthrelated quality of life of recently diagnosed people with HIV infection(BioMed Central, 2023-11-13) Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca, María José; Pérez Garín, Daniel Arsenio; Baceiredo, Victor; Laguía González, Ana; García Carrillo, Jesús; García, Rafael; García, Diego; European CommissionPurpose This study aims to assess the impact of a peer intervention programme in the hospital setting to improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people recently diagnosed with HIV infection. Methods A quasi-experimental single-group study with pre- and post-measurements was conducted. The peer intervention programme consisted of four sessions that took place at the following times: (1) the day of diagnosis, (2) the day when the results of the analyses were collected and ART (antiretroviral therapy) began, (3) one month after the start of ART, and (4) four months after the start of ART. The dependent variables were HRQoL and several of its psychological predictors. Change in the dependent variables was analysed through repeated measures, variance analysis and covariance analysis. Forty-three people with HIV participated in the intervention (40 men, mean age=39.14). Results A significant positive evolution was found in all the predictors of HRQoL, except avoidant coping (p<.05). A positive evolution was also found in all HRQoL dimensions (p<.05). There was a significant increase in CD4 cells/mm3 lymphocytes (p<.0001) and in the CD4/CD8 ratio (p<.001). The positive differential scores in the psychological health and social relationship dimensions influenced the increase in CD4 cells/mm3 lymphocytes (p=.012, p=.13). The increase in the social relations dimension score and overall health perception influenced the recovery of the CD4/CD8 ratio (p=.044; p=.068). Conclusions Peer intervention improved the HRQoL of people recently diagnosed with HIV, and enhanced psychological health and social relationships covariate with their immunological recovery. This study represents an essential advance in evaluating peer intervention programmes for positive prevention.Publicación Development of a Clinic Screening Tool to Identify Burdensome Health-Related Issues Affecting People Living With HIV in Spain(Frontiers Media, 2021-06-09) Fuster Ruiz de Apodaca, María José; Safreed Harmon, Kelly; Pastor de la Cal, Marta; Laguía González, Ana; Naniche, Denise; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.Background: Numerous health-related issues continue to undermine the health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We developed a clinic screening tool (CST-HIV) for the purpose of identifying these issues in routine specialist clinical care in Spain. Methods: We used the following established instrument development procedures: (1) a literature review; (2) four focus group discussions (FGDs), two that convened 16 expert HIV care providers, and two that convened 15 PLHIV; (3) prioritisation, selection and definition of constructs (health-related issues) to include in the CST-HIV and drafting of initial item pool; and (4) a pilot study to analyse psychometric properties and validity of items and to determine which to retain in the final CST-HIV. The FGD interview scripts incorporated an exercise to prioritise the health-related issues perceived to have the greatest negative effect on HRQoL. The online questionnaire used for the pilot study included the pool of CST-HIV items and validated measures of each construct. Results: We identified 68 articles that reported on factors associated with the HRQoL of PLHIV. The most burdensome health-related issues identified in the FGDs related to stigma, socioeconomic vulnerability, sleep/fatigue, pain, body changes, emotional distress, and sexuality. Based on the literature review and FGD findings, we selected and defined the following constructs to include in the initial CST-HIV: anticipated stigma, emotional distress, sexuality, social support, material deprivation, sleep/fatigue, cognitive problems, and physical symptoms. Two researchers wrote six to eight items for each construct. Next, 18 experts rated 47 items based on their clarity, relevance, and representativeness. Pilot testing was carried out with 226 PLHIV in Spain. We retained 24 items based on empirical criteria that showed adequate psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the eight-factor structure with a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.035, AGFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.99). We found strong positive correlations between the instrument’s eight dimensions and validated measures of the same constructs. Likewise, we found negative associations between the dimensions of the CST-HIV and HRQoL. Conclusion: The CST-HIV is a promising tool for use in routine clinical care to efficiently identify and address health-related issues undermining the HRQoL of PLHIV