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Gallardo Beltrán, Marta

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0000-0003-4804-710X
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Gallardo Beltrán
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Marta
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2015 - 20172
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Autor: Echavarría Daspet, Pilar ×

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Mostrando 1 - 2 de 2
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Assessing Land Use-Cover Changes and Modelling Change Scenarios in Two Mountain Spanish National Parks
    (MDPI, 2017-11-07) Martínez Vega, Javier; Díaz Martín, Andrés; Nava Rodriguez, José Miguel; Echavarría Daspet, Pilar; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-710X
    Land Use-Cover Changes (LUCCs) are one of the main problems for the preservation of biodiversity. Protected Areas (PAs) do not escape this threat. Some processes, such as intensive recreational use, forest fires or the expansion of artificial areas taking place inside and around them in response to their appeal, question their environmental sustainability and their efficiency. In this paper, we analyze the LUCCs that took place between 1990 and 2006 in two National Parks (NPs) belonging to the Spanish network and in their surroundings: Ordesa and Monte Perdido (Ordesa NP) and Sierra de Guadarrama (Guadarrama NP). We also simulate land use changes between 2006 and 2030 by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), taking into account two scenarios: trend and green. Finally, we perform a multi-temporal analysis of natural habitat fragmentation in each NP. The results show that the NPs analyzed are well-preserved and have seen hardly any significant LUCCs inside them. However, Socioeconomic Influence Zones (SIZs) and buffers are subject to different dynamics. In the SIZ and buffer of the Ordesa NP, there has been an expansion of built-up areas (annual rate of change = +1.19) around small urban hubs and ski resorts. There has also been a gradual recovery of natural areas, which had been interrupted by forest fires. The invasion of sub-alpine grasslands by shrubs is clear (+2735 ha). The SIZ and buffer of the Guadarrama NP are subject to urban sprawl in forest areas and to the construction of road infrastructures (+5549 ha and an annual rate of change = +1.20). Industrial area has multiplied by 3.3 in 20 years. The consequences are an increase in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), greater risk of forest fires and greater fragmentation of natural habitats (+0.04 in SIZ). In the change scenarios, if conditions change as expected, the specific threats facing each NP can be expected to increase. There are substantial differences between the scenarios depending on whether or not incentives are accepted and legal restrictions are respected.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Satellite images and teaching of Geography
    (Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2015) MartínezVega, Javier; Gallardo Beltrán, Marta; Echavarría Daspet, Pilar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-120X
    Satellite images can be very useful for teaching Geography at all levels. We describe their advantages over other traditional sources of information on observation of the Earth, and present the Remote Sensing and Environment teaching guide, a resource available on the Internet. This can be complemented by other resources – videos and image repositories – to facilitate the teaching of Geography. Two examples are given to illustrate how satellite images can be used in classrooms to explain urban processes. One is explained on a global scale. The other is a research study that uses a number of thematic maps based on satellite images to illustrate how land use has changed in the region of Madrid (Spain) over recent decades. Using a modeller based on neural networks, the land use scenario in the region of Madrid in 2025 is simulated. This graphic and cartographic material can be used by teachers to explain urban processes both globally and regionally. Processes that have already taken place can be discussed and related to environmental impacts. It is also possible to predict what might happen in the future if current trends continue. The aim is to involve students in order to increase their environmental awareness and encourage them to participate in the search for solutions to territorial problems.