This chapter delves into the complex realm of bullfighting in Spain, exploring its historical roots and profound cultural significance, particularly in rural communities. It exposes the violence and harm inflicted on both nonhuman animals and humans within the bullfighting industry and how these practices are intertwined with broader societal issues, including gender dynamics. The analysis critically examines the evolving public attitudes towards bullfighting, indicative of a shift in perceptions of human-animal relationships. Furthermore, it evinces the inherent contradictions within Spanish legislation on nonhuman animal protection, which acknowledges the sentience of nonhuman animals, advocates for their wellbeing, and punishes nonhuman animal abuse, yet paradoxically exempts bullfighting from such provisions, thereby revealing deep inconsistencies. The discussion concludes with a call for a nuanced understanding of cultural practices, a critical review of their intersection with (non)human animal rights, and the development of a more cohesive and ethically sound legal framework that better aligns with contemporary values and advances nonhuman animal protection in Spain.
