Persona: Brescó de Luna, Ignacio
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0000-0001-8044-7643
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Brescó de Luna
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Ignacio
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Publicación Deathbots. Debatiendo el Uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en el Duelo(SAGE Publications, 2024-06-01) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Jiménez Alonso, Belén; Brescó de Luna, IgnacioDeathbots, griefbots or thanabots are chatbots based on the digital footprint of the deceased that offer mourners the possibility to ‘talk’ to their loved ones after their death. This Artificial Intelligence–based thanatechnology raises a number of ethical and psychological questions. Drawing on the concept of mediation from cultural psychology and the notion of continuing bonds in bereavement, the article discusses some controversial questions about deathbots, such as the illusion of reality that this technology may generate, its impact on the autonomy of the bereaved, the possible individualization of bereavement, the ethical implications in relation to the deceased and the potential therapeutic uses of this digital tool. We conclude by stressing the need for a non-essentialist perspective when studying the relationship between AI and grief, addressing the mediational role of deathbots not for what they supposedly are but for what they allow us to do.Publicación The psychology of modern memorials: the affective intertwining of personal and collective memories(Sage Journals, 2019-03-01) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Wagoner, Brady; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-4048This paper explores collective memory and grief as they are experienced and expressed at modern memorial sites. What makes them collective is the way they are interpreted and felt as a ‘we’, in first-person plural. From a cultural psychological perspective, we conceptualize memorials as cultural and historical artefacts that mediate these processes and in so doing give meaning to the past based on present and future challenges. Along these lines, we analyse visitors’ situated and evolving experiences of two memorial sites: Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin and the Ground Zero National September 11 Memorial in New York. Results focus on individuals’ particular modes of experiencing and appropriating modern memorial sites, which in contrast to classic ones are purposely built to generate a wide range of different meaning-making processes and ways of interacting with them.Publicación Memorials from the perspective of experience: A comparison of Spain’s Valley of the Fallen to contemporary counter-memorials.(SAGE Publications, 2022-09-29) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Wagoner, Brady; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-4048Memorials are cultural artifacts constructed to mediate memory for a shared past. But as such, they require people’s active engagement with them, which can generate divergent experiences and interpretations. The present study compares how different memorial forms both enable and constrain people’s relating to the sites and what they are meant to represent. The comparison hinges on the difference between traditional memorials (imposing, vertical, and focused on heroes) and counter-memorials (engaging, horizontal, and focused on victims). The Valley of the Fallen is in central focus as a prime example of a traditional memory, which is currently in the process of being re-signified. Our study compares participants’ experience of this site with the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the National 9/11 Memorial (both celebrated counter-memorials), using an innovative method combining interviews and a subjective camera that captures participants’ ongoing experience from the first-person perspective. Results show a manifold of ways in which people appropriate and make sense of memorials through different associations and personal memories while moving through them.Publicación Narrative form and identity in the conventionalization of memories of national histories(Sage Journals, 2017-01-30) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Rosa Rivero, Alberto; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-4160Este trabajo estudia el efecto de la forma narrativa sobre el recuerdo de relatos históricos. Partiendo del enfoque de Bartlett y su método de reproducción repetida, se ha analizado cómo dos versiones sobre la historia de Irlanda –elaboradas con los mismos eventos pero mediante diferentes formas narrativas– median el recuerdo de sus respectivos contenidos en tres sesiones de recuerdo realizadas por sujetos con distintos sentimientos de pertenencia nacional (española y vasca) y posicionamientos en relación a dicho conflicto. Asimismo, se ha analizado la convencionalización y racionalización del recuerdo, examinando la transformación del material en las tres sesiones. Los resultados muestran dos perfiles de recuerdo diferentes correspondientes a cada versión de la historia. Mientras en la versión pro-irlandesa se han recordado contenidos de tipo represivo que justifican la lucha por la independencia de Irlanda, la versión pro-británica tiende a reconstruirse sobre eventos más institucionales que legitiman el mantenimiento del Reino Unido. El sesgo de la forma narrativa sobre el recuerdo de las historias es discutido en relación a la enseñanza de la historia.Publicación Memorials as Healing Places: A Matrix for Bridging Material Design and Visitor Experience(1660-4601, 2022-05-31) Wagoner, Brady; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-4048; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643Memorials are increasingly used to encourage people to reflect on the past and work through both individual and collective wounds. While much has been written on the history, architectural forms and controversies surrounding memorials, surprisingly little has been done to explore how visitors experience and appropriate them. This paper aims to analyze how different material aspects of memorial design help to create engaging experiences for visitors. It outlines a matrix of ten interconnected dimensions for comparison: (1) use of the vertical and horizontal axis, (2) figurative and abstract representation, (3) spatial immersion and separation, (4) mobility, (5) multisensory qualities, (6) reflective surfaces, (7) names, (8) place of burial, (9) accommodating ritual, and (10) location and surroundings. With this outline, the paper hopes to provide social scientists and practitioners (e.g., architects, planners, curators, facilitators, guides) with a set of key points for reflection on existing and future memorials and possibilities for enhancing visitor engagement with them.Publicación Culture, history, and psychology: Some historical reflections and research directions(Sage Journals, 2018-08-17) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643Psychologists have typically narrated their discipline’s history so as to glorify an experimental method, which analyzes the mind independently of cultural and historical factors. In line with Jahoda’s sociocultural sensitivity to psychology, this article critically interrogates the plausibility for this vision of psychology as cut off from wider social processes, and offers an alternative based on a re-appropriation of concepts and methods from psychology’s past that highlight cultural processes. This approach is illustrated with a study of how people remember history narratives on the basis of cultural resources taken over from social groups they belong to, and which thus embed them within a stream of history. Both psychologists’ narratives of their discipline and people’s everyday memory of history are shown to be motivated toward the justification of particular visions of social reality.Publicación Between the Unbearable Weight and Lightness of the Past. Banal Silence in Spain’s Post-Dictatorship Memory Politics(Springer, 2018-05-04) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643This paper explores the role of silence in Spain’s post-dictatorship memory politics. More specifically, the paper examines the forgotten Spanish colonial past in North Africa vis-à-vis the so-called pact of silence that accompanied Spain’s transition to democracy after the Franco dictatorship. Drawing on various theoretical approaches in relation to collective memory, traditionally assumed associations between silence and forgetting are questioned. As is argued, silence may nurture and preserve memory just as it may also feed into forgetting. In the former case, silence typically enshrouds a living memory of a past that still weighs on the present, as the pact of silence in Spain clearly illustrates. In the latter case, silence signals a past perceived as already left behind and alien to society’s current problems, as is the case of the Spanish colonial past in North Africa. In order to further explore the latter case, the notion of banal silence is introduced. Such notion points to cases where silence over certain contentious historical issues goes unnoticed by society, thus becoming naturalized. The paper concludes with some final reflections on memory, banal silence and political change.Publicación From Mind to Context, from Accuracy to Meaning. Exploring the Grammar of Remembering as a Socially Situated Act(Springer, 2016-03-10) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Brescó de Luna, IgnacioThis paper begins by addressing the so-called memory crisis, a crisis which, since the 90s, has problematized the traditional manner in which memory is studied and understood. Special attention is paid to the changing role attributed to accuracy and meaning when remembering the past. In light of this crisis, I comment on Smorti and Fioretti’s paper (2015), focusing on the point that they make regarding how autobiographical narratives affect and change autobiographical memories. Complementing that view, according to which memories are transformed when they are externalized through a communicative act by means of narratives, this paper focuses on a more narrative and situated approach to memory, shifting from mind to social settings, from accuracy to meaning. Building on that approach, I briefly discuss the notion of event as a narrative construction. Finally, drawing on Burke’s pentad model (1969), I put forward a framework for studying remembering as a situated activity. The pentad of elements is addressed as follows: 1) Agency, or the mediational means for the construction of past events; 2) Act, or remembering as a reconstructive activity; 3) Scene, or the social dynamics of remembering; 4) Agent, or subjective positionings when reconstructing the past; and 5) Purpose, or uses of the past in relation to the future.Publicación The Self in Movement: Being Identified and Identifying Oneself in the Process of Migration and Asylum Seeking(Springer, 2017-03-15) Watzlawik, Meike; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-1961; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643How migration influences the processes of identity development has been under longstanding scrutiny in the social sciences. Usually, stage models have been suggested, and different strategies for acculturation (e.g., integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization) have been considered as ways to make sense of the psychological transformations of migrants as a group. On an individual level, however, identity development is a more complex endeavor: Identity does not just develop by itself, but is constructed as an ongoing process. To capture these processes, we will look at different aspects of migration and asylum seeking; for example, the cultural-specific values and expectations of the hosting (European) countries (e.g., as identifier), but also of the arriving individuals/groups (e.g., identified as refugees). Since the two may contradict each other, negotiations between identities claims and identity assignments become necessary. Ways to solve these contradictions are discussed, with a special focus on the experienced (and often missing) agency in different settings upon arrival in a new country. In addition, it will be shown how sudden events (e.g., 9/11, the Charlie Hebdo attack) may challenge identity processes in different ways.Publicación The end into the beginning: Prolepsis and the reconstruction of the collective past(Sage Journals, 2017-05-18) Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; Brescó de Luna, Ignacio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8044-7643Prolepsis – or the narrative manoeuver consisting of narrating or evoking a future event in advance – is a concept borrowed from literary theory that has been used in Psychology for studying the contribution of culture and meaning to development. Cole applies the notion of prolepsis to upbringing insofar as parents’ imagined goals vis-à-vis their offspring guide their educational childrearing, thus channelling the child’s present towards the parents’ imagined future. This view coincides with cultural psychology in that humans are considered as future-oriented beings, constructing cultural tools that mediate the way we interpret the world and act within it. Drawing from this theoretical framework, this paper applies the notion of prolepsis to collective memory in order to examine how imagined futures are brought into the present by means of particular ways of reconstructing the past, thus mobilizing collectives towards certain political goals. Along these lines, the narrative, pragmatic and normative dimensions of collective memory are discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the role of politics of imagination in promoting different ways of relating past, present and future.