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2021-06-01
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Synanthedon vespiformis y S. conopiformis son dos especies de polilla que, en su estadio larvario, se alimentan de la madera de varias especies de la familia de los robles. En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento de sus daños en encinares y alcornocales extremeños.
El objetivo de este trabajo es el desarrollo de un sistema completo para la detección y almacenamiento del momento de la captura de estos insectos en trampas tipo Funnel, junto con otros parámetros de interés para su posterior análisis.
Se han estudiado diferentes alternativas para cada uno de los componentes del sistema, seleccionando la más adecuada. Toda la aplicación se ha concebido alrededor de la tecnología de red LoRaWAN, que permite la transmisión de datos a grandes distancias y compite con ventaja en este proyecto, respecto a otras tecnologías de red, por su escalabilidad y la ausencia de costes de suscripción.
Se ha diseñado un sensor de paso de insectos y un circuito electrónico que lo integra junto con otros sensores que permiten la adquisición de parámetros ambientales. El circuito es gobernado por una placa de control, dotada de un concentrador LoRa, para la que hemos de desarrollado un software específico que le permite convertirse en un nodo LoRaWAN, transmitiendo los datos recogidos por los sensores a una red privada. Se le ha diseñado un cuerpo que permite integrar el nodo en las trampas Funnel.
A través de gateways, los nodos se comunican con el resto de una red dotada de una configuración específica que hemos basado en la pila de aplicaciones Chirpstack, con capacidad de filtrado de mensajes duplicados, autenticación, cifrado y almacenamiento de mensajes en un servidor de bases de datos. A este servidor podrán acceder los usuarios del sistema para recopilar la información de las capturas, de los nodos y de las particularidades de la comunicación.
Se provee al sistema de una capa de aplicación, basada en el servicio de escritorios Grafana, para la visualización de los datos en tiempo real o en diferido.
El sistema diseñado es eficaz en el cumplimiento de los objetivos marcados habiéndose podido comprobar que LoRaWAN es una red adecuada para este tipo de aplicaciones.
Synanthedon vespiformis and S. conopiformis are two species of moth that, in their larval stage, feed in the timber of various species of the oaks family. In recent years there has been an increase of observed damages in green and cork oaks forests at Extremadura. The goal of this work is the development of a complete system for the detection and storage of the moment of capture of these insects in funnel-type traps, with other parameters of interest for their further analysis. Different alternatives have been studied for each of the components of the system, selecting the most appropriate. The entire application has been conceived around the LoRaWAN network technology, which allows data transmission over long distances and competes with an advantage in this project due to its scalability and the absence of subscription costs. It has been designed an insect barrier sensor and an electronic circuit that integrates it together with other sensors that allow the acquisition of environment parameters. The circuit is managed by a control board, equipped with a LoRa concentrator, for which we have developed a specific software that makes it a LoRaWAN node and transmits the data collected by the sensors. An embodiment has been designed to allow the node to be integrated into Funnel traps. Through gateways, the nodes communicate with the rest of a network, equipped with a specific configuration that we have based on the Chirpstack applications stack, with the ability to filter duplicate messages, authentication, encryption and storage of messages on a database server. This server can be accessed by the users of the system to collect information about captures, nodes and the particularities of communication. The system is provided with a graphic application layer, based on the Grafana dashboards service, for displaying data in real or delayed time. The designed system is effective to meet the objectives of the project and it has been proven that LoRaWAN is a suitable network technology for this type of application.
Synanthedon vespiformis and S. conopiformis are two species of moth that, in their larval stage, feed in the timber of various species of the oaks family. In recent years there has been an increase of observed damages in green and cork oaks forests at Extremadura. The goal of this work is the development of a complete system for the detection and storage of the moment of capture of these insects in funnel-type traps, with other parameters of interest for their further analysis. Different alternatives have been studied for each of the components of the system, selecting the most appropriate. The entire application has been conceived around the LoRaWAN network technology, which allows data transmission over long distances and competes with an advantage in this project due to its scalability and the absence of subscription costs. It has been designed an insect barrier sensor and an electronic circuit that integrates it together with other sensors that allow the acquisition of environment parameters. The circuit is managed by a control board, equipped with a LoRa concentrator, for which we have developed a specific software that makes it a LoRaWAN node and transmits the data collected by the sensors. An embodiment has been designed to allow the node to be integrated into Funnel traps. Through gateways, the nodes communicate with the rest of a network, equipped with a specific configuration that we have based on the Chirpstack applications stack, with the ability to filter duplicate messages, authentication, encryption and storage of messages on a database server. This server can be accessed by the users of the system to collect information about captures, nodes and the particularities of communication. The system is provided with a graphic application layer, based on the Grafana dashboards service, for displaying data in real or delayed time. The designed system is effective to meet the objectives of the project and it has been proven that LoRaWAN is a suitable network technology for this type of application.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
LoRaWAN, red inalámbrica de sensores, monitoreo, Heterocera, trampas, LoRaWAN, wireless sensor network, monitoring, traps, pheromones, Heterocera
Citación
Montero Calvo, Adrián Javier. Trabajo Fin de Grado: Sistema de monitorización remota de trampas Funnel para la captura de heteróceros. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) 2021
Centro
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática
Departamento
Sistemas de Comunicación y Control