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2021-06-01
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El cine es un arte que, además del ocio, facilita el conocimiento de la Historia y sus contextos sociales y políticos. Quizá no sea el medio adecuado para profundizar en un tema, pero sí es útil para acercarse y tener una primera toma de contacto con un personaje o situación concreta. En el caso de la historia de Europa del siglo XX, el personaje de Jorge Semprún (1923-2011) brilla con luz propia por su actividad polifacética: política, de resistente a ministro, e intelectual comprometido con su época que maneja diversos géneros literarios. Su actividad como guionista, algo olvidada actualmente, fue la base de una decena de películas que describen una serie de hechos históricos desde la Revolución Francesa hasta la caída del Muro de Berlín. El análisis de su filmografía permite el desarrollo de un proceso formativo, sobre la naturaleza y formas de presentación de los conflictos políticos del siglo pasado. Ésta se centra en exponer la lucha contra el autoritarismo y totalitarismo en sus diversas formas, incluyendo las actividades poco democráticas de los sistemas parlamentarios. Partiendo de los antecedentes en el siglo XIX, se estudia la crisis de las democracias, el funcionamiento de los fascismos en los años 30 y 40, profundizando en el totalitarismo estalinista, para continuar con las restricciones democráticas de los 60, y culminar con el terrorismo de los años 70. Cabe entender que con este trabajo se consigue integrar dos perspectivas de la relación cine/historia: la visión de la Historia desde el cine, con la aportación al cine de un protagonista de la Historia.
Cinema is an art that, in addition to leisure, facilitates the knowledge of History with its social and political contexts. It may not be the appropriate medium to delve into a topic, but it is useful to get a closer look and have a first contact with a specific character or situation. In the case of 20th century European history, the character of Jorge Semprún (1923- 2011) shines with his own light for his multifaceted activity: political, resistant to minister, and intellectual committed to his time who handles various literary genres. His activity as a screenwriter, somewhat forgotten today, was the basis for around ten films that describe a series of historical events from the French Revolution to the fall of the Berlin Wall. The analysis of his filmography allows the development of a formative process, on the nature and forms of presentation of the last century political conflicts. This focuses on exposing the fight against authoritarianism and totalitarianism in its various forms, including the undemocratic activities of parliamentary governments. Starting from the precedents in the 19th century, it studies the crisis in democracy, the implementation of fascisms in the 30s and 40s, delving into Stalinist totalitarianism, to continue with the democratic restrictions of the 60s, and culminate with terrorism from the 70s. It should be understood to this work manages to integrate two perspectives between the cinema and history relationship: the vision of the History from the cinema, with the contribution to the cinema of a History protagonist.
Cinema is an art that, in addition to leisure, facilitates the knowledge of History with its social and political contexts. It may not be the appropriate medium to delve into a topic, but it is useful to get a closer look and have a first contact with a specific character or situation. In the case of 20th century European history, the character of Jorge Semprún (1923- 2011) shines with his own light for his multifaceted activity: political, resistant to minister, and intellectual committed to his time who handles various literary genres. His activity as a screenwriter, somewhat forgotten today, was the basis for around ten films that describe a series of historical events from the French Revolution to the fall of the Berlin Wall. The analysis of his filmography allows the development of a formative process, on the nature and forms of presentation of the last century political conflicts. This focuses on exposing the fight against authoritarianism and totalitarianism in its various forms, including the undemocratic activities of parliamentary governments. Starting from the precedents in the 19th century, it studies the crisis in democracy, the implementation of fascisms in the 30s and 40s, delving into Stalinist totalitarianism, to continue with the democratic restrictions of the 60s, and culminate with terrorism from the 70s. It should be understood to this work manages to integrate two perspectives between the cinema and history relationship: the vision of the History from the cinema, with the contribution to the cinema of a History protagonist.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
cine e historia, historia contemporánea de Europa, democracia, autoritarismo, memoria, enseñanza, cinema and History, European contemporary history, democracy, authoritarianism, memory, teaching
Citación
Adolfo Millán Aguilar. Trabajo Fin de Grado: El cine de Jorge Semprún como medio de aproximación a los conflictos políticos europeos del siglo XX.. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) 2021
Centro
Facultad de Geografía e Historia
Departamento
Historia Medieval, Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas