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2025-09-18
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La intensificación de los desastres naturales en América Latina, y especialmente en Brasil, evidencia la necesidad de robustecer la preparación y resiliencia institucional de las aduanas frente a escenarios de emergencia. El presente estudio examina el impacto de catástrofes recientes, con énfasis en las inundaciones en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul y la sequía extrema en la región amazónica durante 2024, sobre la gestión aduanera nacional. La investigación se estructura a partir del análisis del marco normativo internacional y de las directrices emanadas de la Organización Mundial de Aduanas (OMA) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), y se apoya en una metodología cualitativa, sustentada en entrevistas con funcionarios aduaneros y del sector privado, así como en la revisión de informes internos y documentación operativa. Como aporte original, se incorpora un análisis comparativo con el modelo de gestión de desastres de la Aduana de Japón, destacando la institucionalización de procedimiento de continuidad operativa (BCP) y su relevancia como referencia para el contexto brasileño. El trabajo incluye la adaptación y aplicación de la “Lista de Control para la Autoevaluación” de la OMA, identificando vulnerabilidades y buenas prácticas en la administración aduanera nacional. Finalmente, se presenta una propuesta de Plan de Nacional Aduanero para Desastres, orientada a fortalecer los protocolos, la capacitación y la cooperación interinstitucional. Se concluye que la institucionalización de estos mecanismos, en convergencia con modelos internacionales, resulta imprescindible para garantizar una respuesta eficaz, coordinada y conforme a estándares globales frente a futuros desastres.
The intensification of natural disasters in Latin America, particularly in Brazil, underscores the need to strengthen the preparedness and institutional resilience of customs administrations in emergency scenarios. This study examines the impact of recent catastrophes, focusing on the floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the severe drought in the Amazon region during 2024, on national customs management. The research is structured around an analysis of the international regulatory framework and the guidelines issued by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), employing a qualitative methodology based on interviews with customs officials and private sector representatives, as well as a review of internal reports and operational documentation. As an original contribution, a comparative analysis is incorporated, examining the disaster management model of Japan Customs, with emphasis on the institutionalization of business continuity plans (BCP) and their relevance as a reference for the Brazilian context. The study includes the adaptation and application of the WCO “Self-Assessment Checklist,” identifying vulnerabilities and best practices in the national customs administration. Finally, a proposal for a National Customs Disaster Action Plan is presented, aimed at strengthening protocols, capacity-building, and inter-institutional cooperation. The study concludes that the institutionalization of these mechanisms, in alignment with international models, is essential to ensuring an effective, coordinated, and globally compliant response to future disasters.
The intensification of natural disasters in Latin America, particularly in Brazil, underscores the need to strengthen the preparedness and institutional resilience of customs administrations in emergency scenarios. This study examines the impact of recent catastrophes, focusing on the floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the severe drought in the Amazon region during 2024, on national customs management. The research is structured around an analysis of the international regulatory framework and the guidelines issued by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), employing a qualitative methodology based on interviews with customs officials and private sector representatives, as well as a review of internal reports and operational documentation. As an original contribution, a comparative analysis is incorporated, examining the disaster management model of Japan Customs, with emphasis on the institutionalization of business continuity plans (BCP) and their relevance as a reference for the Brazilian context. The study includes the adaptation and application of the WCO “Self-Assessment Checklist,” identifying vulnerabilities and best practices in the national customs administration. Finally, a proposal for a National Customs Disaster Action Plan is presented, aimed at strengthening protocols, capacity-building, and inter-institutional cooperation. The study concludes that the institutionalization of these mechanisms, in alignment with international models, is essential to ensuring an effective, coordinated, and globally compliant response to future disasters.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
aduana brasileña, desastres naturales, gestión aduanera de emergencias, preparación institucional, Brazilian customs, natural disasters, response capacity, institutional preparedness
Citación
Tollemache, Mark. Trabajo Fin de Máster: Aduana y Desastres en Brasil: Diagnóstico, Comparación y Plan de Mejora Institucional. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) 2025
Centro
Facultad de Derecho
Departamento
Economía Aplicada y Gestión Pública