Persona:
Contreras Felipe, Antonio

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acontreras@psi.uned.es
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0000-0003-1135-7307
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Contreras Felipe
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Antonio
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Mostrando 1 - 9 de 9
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Efficacy of a self-compassion intervention program on academic achievement in Higher Education
    (Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). Ediciones Complutense, 2021) Bermúdez Moreno, José; Contreras Felipe, Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-4941
    Introducción: La autocompasión (ACP), disposición para tratarse uno mismo de forma amable, incide en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación superior. El estudio analiza la relación entre la ACP y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes del Grado en Psicología. Método: Se empleó un diseño pretest-postest con dos grupos, experimental y control. El primero recibió un programa de entrenamiento en ACP durante todo el curso académico. Nuestras hipótesis fueron: 1ª, que el programa mejoraría los niveles de ACP ante dificultades que se experimentan: a) en el estudio (ACP-DE) y b) en la aplicación de contenidos curriculares a la vida cotidiana (ACP-DAVC); 2ª, una relación positiva y significativa de ambos constructos con el rendimiento académico. Se elaboraron dos escalas para la evaluación de las facetas específico-aplicadas de ACP. Resultados: El programa de intervención produjo una mejora significativa en ACP-DE y ACP-DAVC. El grupo experimental entendió el concepto y utilidad de la ACP, obteniéndose correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el cambio intraindividual en ACP-DAVC y el rendimiento académico. Por el contrario, en el grupo control, diversas medidas intraindividuales de mejora en ACP mostraron correlaciones significativas de signo negativo con el rendimiento académico. Discusión: Globalmente considerados, los resultados prestan un apoyo significativo a las hipótesis planteadas. Se discuten las bondades del programa desarrollado y se plantea la necesidad de considerar la ACP como una clave potencial de innovación educativa en el contexto del enfoque de las competencias propio del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Reciprocal Associations Between Positivity and Positive Affect During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    (WILEY, 2025-04) Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Contreras Felipe, Antonio; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, Gian Vittorio; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Cabras, Emilia; Tavolucci, Simone; Alessandri, Guido
    In this study, the associations between positivity and positive affect were examined at five time points between January 2020 and September 2021, a period of turmoil associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 1401 students (73.45% women) attending an online university in Spain, commencing at the outbreak of the pandemic and then at four different time points up to the time it was considered to have been controlled. The results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed that participants who maintained higher general positivity were also those who reported more intense overall positive affect. At the same time, above-average positive affect predicted higher-than-usual levels of positivity. By pointing to the reciprocal relationships between positivity and positive affect, the results corroborate and go beyond previous findings by highlighting a virtuous cycle in which positivity and positive affect reciprocally influence each other over time. These data are in accordance with a dynamic view of how self-focused, positive evaluative dispositions and chronic positive affective states operate in concert to enhance adaptation and well-being. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Componentes cognitivos de la adaptación social en niños pequeños
    (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, 2015-05-05) Contreras Felipe, Antonio; García Madruga, Juan Antonio
    El presente trabajo de investigación aborda en último ténnino la influencia de diversos factores sociocognitivos: la teoría de la mente (ToM), el razonamiento contrafáctico (RCF) y el conocimiento de estrategias socioemocionales (CESE) en la adaptación social, en términos de competencia social y aceptación sociométrica, en niños de 3-5 años. El estudio afronta este objetivo en el contexto de las relaciones evolutivas entre dichas variables sociocognitivas. Así, el objetivo al que se ha hecho referencia se aborda en un tercer bloque de resultados, tras haber analizado previamente un primer conjunto de contenidos y resultados centrados en desfases clásicos en teoría de la mente; y un segundo bloque que plantea la relación entre la actuación en las tareas mentalistas y las tareas de razonamiento contrafáctico, explorando así la denominada hipótesis contrafáctica. El estudio se llevó a cabo con 67 niños. Participaron también tres profesores. Se diseñó una historia ad hoc para la evaluación conjunta de la ToM, RCF y CESE. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociométrico individual a cada niño; los profesores cumplimentaron la Escala de Conducta Observada por el Educador (ECOE) y se tomó una medida de lenguaje para controlar su efecto en las relaciones de interés de las variables. Los resultados relativos a ToM, confirmaron la utilidad de un procedimiento diseñado por nosotros, con un tinte microgenético y orientado a evaluar la capacidad mentalista actual y potencial del sujeto, en este último caso, mediante preguntas-ayuda. Los resultados indicaron la necesidad de valorar la interacción entre la versión de la tarea (predicción y explicación) y el soporte empleado (mediado o no). Así, en un contexto de mediación, la explicación se convierte en la plataforma con la que detectar/promover las capacidades infantiles de comprensión de acciones y especialmente emociones basadas en creencias falsas. Los resultados indican también que se producen desfases en sentido opuesto entre atribuir una creencia falsa y atribuir una emoción y una acción dependientes de dicha creencia. En el primer caso resulta más fácil atribuir creencias falsas y ocurre lo contrario en el segundo caso. Por otro lado, el RCF se erige como la materia prima de la actividad mentalista vinculada a los procesos de atribución causal de la conducta, siendo su contribución más notoria en relación al sistema explícito de ToM. En relación a la adaptación social, la ToM, RCF y CESE mantienen relaciones sólidas y particulares tanto con los índices de competencia social en términos de conducta positiva, negativa pasiva-insegura, como con la aceptación sociométrica. En este último caso, cada género basa sus juicios de preferencia social en indicadores sociocognitivos diferentes: los niños resaltan el papel del RCF y las niñas de la ToM. Al considerar los perfiles sociocognitivos de las diferentes categorías sociométricas, se comprueba que la ToM y el RCF constituyen elementos esenciales de diferenciación de dichas categorías. Mientras que los populares presentan mayores niveles de ToM que los rechazados e ignorados, sin embargo los niveles de RCF de los populares son superiores solo a los de los rechazados, lo que podría avalar una visión sociocultural del desarrollo de la ToM.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Stress and academic achievement among distance university students in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic: age, perceived study time, and the mediating role of academic self-efficacy.
    (Springer Nature, 2024-06-21) Cabras, Emilia; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Contreras Felipe, Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-0684; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-4966
    The COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated confinement, imposed a novel personal and social context for university students; nevertheless, few studies have addressed the effects of this on distance university students. Indeed, defining the needs of these students under such unique circumstances will allow them to receive the support necessary to effectively reduce their perceived stress and improve their academic achievement. A predictive model was designed to examine the direct effects of the variables’ age and perceived study time on stress and academic achievement in students in an online learning context, as well as to assess the indirect effects through the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Using path analysis, the model was tested on a sample of 1030 undergraduate students between 18 and 60 years old enrolled on a psychology degree course at the UNED (National Distance Learning University of Spain). The model provides a good fit to the data, confirming the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Perceived study time is a factor negatively associated with stress and positively with academic achievement. However, it appeared that age was not related to academic achievement, indicating that academic self-efficacy had no mediating effect on these two variables. Academic self-efficacy is a mediator and protective factor in challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may contribute to the design of educational and clinical interventions for students at an online learning university over an extended age range.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The relationship of counterfactual reasoning and false belief understanding: the role of prediction and explanation tasks
    (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 2020) García-Madruga, Juan Antonio; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    The relation between the prediction and explanation of the false belief task (FBT) with counterfactual reasoning (CFR) was explored. Fifty eight 3-5 year-olds received a prediction or an explanation FBT, a belief attribution task and some counterfactual questions of increasing difficulty. Linguistic comprehension was also controlled. CFR highly predicted FBT in the explanation version but not in the prediction one. Additionally, results in the explanation version indicate that CFR underlies achievements prior to the understanding of the representational mind and stimulates the explicitness of the mental domain. This study identifies the conditions under which CFR becomes a fundamental cognitive tool for social cognition. The results obtained contribute to the dialog between the two major theoretical approaches: theory-theory and simulation theory.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire: Developmental Pattern and Significance and Its Relationship With Cognitive and Personality Measures
    (University of California Press, 2023-02-01) Contreras Felipe, Antonio; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Caprara, María Giovanna; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Gómez Veiga, Isabel
    Postformal thought is the highest state of thinking in adults, extending beyond formal operations. Sinnott’s Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire (PFTQ) is one of the most widely used measures of this construct and thus, the main aim of this study was to translate a Spanish version of the PFTQ and to validate it using a sample of 1093 subjects aged from 18 to 71 years. A cross-validation study was carried out and measurement invariance was analyzed by gender and across age groups: emerging adults, 18-29 years; established adults, 30-45 years; and middle-aged adults, 46-60 years. Furthermore, evidence of validity was assessed relative to cognitive and personality measures (i.e.: mindfulness, grit, resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, conscientiousness, metacognition and learning strategies), as was the developmental pattern of the PFTQ. In the cross-validation study, both the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated it was appropriate to consider a unidimensional structure. Likewise, the PFTQ exhibited good psychometric properties (α = .84; Ω = .83), and there was reasonable evidence of strict invariance by gender and across age groups. Moreover, the PFTQ was significantly and positively related to metacognition, learning strategies, mindfulness, conscientiousness, resilience and grit, whereas it was significantly and negatively related to intolerance of uncertainty, albeit to a lesser extent. Finally, a developmental progression of the PFTQ was observed during adulthood, with significant differences observed between the latent means of the three age groups, which was associated with moderate effect sizes between the emerging and the established or middle-age adult groups (d = 0.28 and d = 0.37, respectively). By contrast, a very small and practically negligible effect size was detected between the established and middle-aged adult groups (d = 0.09). Relativistic operations would appear to underlie psychosocial development in established adulthood, when they are most needed. Overall, the Spanish version of the PFTQ showed good psychometric properties and validity evidence of its utility to studying adult thinking.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The relationship between theory of mind and peer acceptance in preschool children: A test of the counterfactual hypothesis in the social domain
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2023) García Madruga, Juan Antonio; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    Scientific literature indicates that theory of mind (ToM) is less strongly associated with peer acceptance (PA) in the case of boys and the case of negative nominations. This study hypothesizes that these two effects of ToM on PA could be an epiphenomenon of counterfactual reasoning (CFR). Fifty-three 3-5-year-olds participated in this study. The results confirmed the hypothesis. When the total sample nominated, ToM made a significant contribution to explaining positive nominations, but not negative nominations, beyond age, language, gender and CFR. When separately considering the gender of the nominators, ToM accounted for a significant variance in positive nominations only when girls, but not boys, nominated. Furthermore, CFR was a significant predictor of social rejection beyond age, language and gender when the total sample nominated, as well as when each gender nominated separately. This study could contribute to a better understanding of the socio-cognitive genesis of PA. Practical implications are discussed.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    The protective role of positivity and emotional self-efficacy beliefs in times of the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Elsevier, 2023-09) Contreras Felipe, Antonio; Caprara, Mariagiovanna; Zuffianò, Antonio; Suárez Falcón, Juan Carlos; Pozo Cabanillas, María del Pilar; Cabras, Emilia; Gómez Veiga, Isabel
    The impact of positivity and self-efficacy beliefs in managing anger, fear, and sadness on positive and negative affect was examined at three time points over 9 months. Data from 1,401 students (73.4% women) attending an online University in Spain were collected at the start of the pandemic and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of a random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that the strongest relationships in terms of effect size occurred at the trait level, in which participants who had a general higher positivity over time were also those who reported, in general, higher self-efficacy, higher positive affect, and lower negative affect than their counterparts. At the within-person level, while controlling for stable (trait-like) individual differences, higher than usual levels (state-like) of positivity in January 2020 predicted higher than usual levels of emotional self-efficacy beliefs and lower than usual levels of negative affect in June 2020. During the same transition, higher than usual levels of negative affect in January 2020 predicted lower than usual levels of emotional self-efficacy in June 2020. Moreover, higher than usual levels of self-efficacy in June 2020 predicted higher than usual levels of positivity in September 2020. We did not find any predictive effect for positive affect. The results pointed to the protective role of both positivity and regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs mostly against negative affect, corroborating previous findings suggesting a virtuous circle of reciprocal influence between positivity and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Cognitive components that contribute to social adaptation in children: Prevention of bullying from preschool education.
    (Asociación de Análisis del Comportamiento, 2008) García Madruga, Juan Antonio; Contreras Felipe, Antonio
    El estudio trata la repercusión de diversos elementos de la cognición en la adaptación social de los niños 3 de 5 años, constituyendo las conductas agresivas un elemento crucial en su evaluación. El estudio contempla variables de naturaleza social y otras más cognitivas, que se evaluan mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, el estatus sociometrico, un listado de atributos positivos y negativos que recoge la percepción de los niños de sus iguales, y un cuestionario acerca de las conductas agresivas de los niños. Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de considerar la cognición social, en particular, el conocimiento infantil sobre cómo resolver conflictos interpersonales, y el razonamiento contrafáctico como factores importantes en la explicación de la conducta agresiva. Se discute, en función de los resultados, el diseño de estrategias de intervención focalizadas en la mejora de estos aspectos de la cognición social.