Persona: Villena Escribano, Blasa María
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Villena Escribano
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Publicación Construction's health and safety Plan: The leading role of the main preventive management document on construction sites(Elsevier, 2021-11) González García, María de las Nieves; Segarra Cañamares, María; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroThe European Union's strategic framework seeks to better protect its millions of workers from work-related accidents and illnesses. One of the main challenges, included in the European Strategy 2014–2020, is to improve the application of existing health and safety regulations, one of the strategic objectives being to help small and medium-sized companies to better comply with safety regulations and health. This study focuses on the Construction Sector, considered one of the economic activities with the highest accident rate, hardship and danger. Its objective, based on the regulatory framework that regulates health and safety in the Sector, is to know the effectiveness of the main management tool that construction works have, the Health and Safety Plan. In this study, 3600 Health and Safety Plans were analyzed in the Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. The results show that the Health and Safety Plans are documents that present great deficiencies and that do not comply with the regulatory requirements, putting at risk the management of prevention in the workplace and therefore the health and safety of its workers.Publicación Estimación del tiempo máximo de permanencia de los equipos de intervención en un incendio: temperatura ambiental(Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2024-12-01) Ballesteros Álvarez, José Manuel; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Rodríguez Sáiz, Ángel; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroPara poder mejorar los procedimientos de actuación de los equipos de intervención durante un siniestro causado por un incendio, se presenta un modelo mediante la estimación de los tiempos de permanencia a partir de la temperatura ambiental.En la actualidad, la práctica totalidad de los equipos de intervención dispone de cámaras termográficas, que muestran en tiempo real una imagen de la radiación calorífica que está emitiendo un cuerpo, mediante su intensidad de la radiación. A partir de esta temperatura y mediante la aplicación de una ecuación o resolución gráfica, se obtienen los tiempos de permanencia máximos en el área afectada, de forma que se eviten accidentes mortales durante la intervención.Al final, se obtiene que la temperatura máxima admisible en la zona de intervención se sitúa en los 263 °C, siendo el tiempo máximo de permanencia en esas condiciones de 26 segundos.Publicación Gestión preventiva en obras de construcción: el Plan de Seguridad y Salud(Aula Magna, 2021) Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroEste libro muestra la realidad preventiva de las obras de construcción, desde el punto de vista del cumplimiento formal de la normativa vigente y desde el prisma del correcto uso en obra de los instrumentos preventivos. Para ello, se realiza un análisis prospectivo del instrumento preventivo conocido como Plan de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (PSS), que queda recogido en el artículo 7 del RD 1627/1997, siendo expuesta su obligatoriedad en el artículo 19 de la citada norma. En pro de conformar un estudio relevante y extrapolable, se escoge una muestra con 3600 PSS consultados para un período de tiempo de 9 años, pertenecientes a la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. La recolección de la información, se efectúa mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario o checklist, con los ítems más relevantes que afectan al contenido del Plan. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto, por un lado, el mal uso que se hace del instrumento preventivo del PSS y su escasa aplicación a nivel preventivo, y, por otro lado, se observa que se trata de un documento con una limitada vida útil que, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, no cubre la ejecución total de la obra.Publicación Occupational risk-prevention diagnosis: A study of construction SMEs in Spain(Elsevier, 2017-02) Segarra Cañamares, María; González García, María de las Nieves; Rodríguez Sáiz, Ángel; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroOccupational risk-prevention implementation and its integration in the management systems of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are studied in the Spanish Construction Sector, through a prospective analysis of data collected from a sample of 106 firms (SMEs) in the Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha (Spain). The selected sample is well suited to the economic reality of that Autonomous Community, considering the size of the population and the chosen confidence intervals and probabilities. The following data-collection techniques were used: surveys, open questions, closed questions, and dichotomous questions. Qualitative Focus-Group techniques were chosen, to contrast the information and to validate its reliability, in view of the training criteria and the hierarchical position of the interviewees working for firms with experience in the Construction Sector. Participants included risk-prevention experts from the public administrations. The results point to difficulties with the integration of Occupational Risk Prevention (ORP) in the Management Systems of SMEs in the Spanish construction sector, outside the corporate structure of the firm.Publicación Enhancing Indoor Air Quality Through Natural Ventilation: Insights from a Municipal Building in Mostoles, Spain(Publicaciones DYNA, 2025-07-04) Ballesteros Álvarez, Jesús Manuel; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Rodríguez Saiz, Ángel; González Gaya, Cristina; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroThis study evaluates the effectiveness of natural ventilation in enhancing indoor air quality within the Almudena Grandes Central Library, a municipal building in Mostoles, Spain. Triggered by the public health challenges highlighted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the research develops a methodological framework that integrates CO2 monitoring, occupancy modeling, and airflow calculations to assess air renewal capacities under natural ventilation conditions. The analysis reveals that cross ventilation is the only strategy capable of achieving IDA 2 air quality standards in high-occupancy areas, requiring at least five air changes per hour. Zenithal openings, such as roof ventilators, significantly enhance airflow during colder months with strong indoor-outdoor thermal differentials, even when external wind is minimal—a frequent scenario in continental Spanish climates. The study also explores buoyancy and wind-driven ventilation mechanisms and quantifies their respective contributions using empirical models. Results suggest that the library can maintain acceptable air quality for up to 310 users with sufficient cross-ventilation measures. However, single-sided ventilation proves inadequate. The proposed model supports dynamic capacity management and energy efficiency by integrating real-time environmental data. The authors highlight the potential of automating ventilation systems via domotics for continuous air quality monitoring and optimization. Limitations include the variability of outdoor conditions and the need for future validation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and additional case studies. Overall, the findings emphasize architectural strategies as pivotal in promoting healthier, energy-efficient indoor environments in public infrastructure.Publicación Analysis of occupational accidents in the construction metal products manufacturing subsector in Spain: Trends and risk factors(Springer, 2025-11-03) Fuentes Bargues, José Luis; Sánchez Lite, Alberto; Geijo Barrientos, José Manuel; Romero Barriuso, Álvaro; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; González Gaya, CristinaResearch on work accidents is important to determine the causes of occupational accidents to effectively prevent them in the future and improve workplace safety. This study aims to analyse the evolution of accidents in the metal products manufacturing subsector for construction (CNAE subsector 251) in Spain for the period 2009–2022 to classify accidents into different operational profiles. This will facilitate the proposal of specific preventive measures based on the severity and characteristics of each accident. Data for this study are collected from occupational accident reports via the Delt@ (Electronic declaration of injured workers) IT system. The study variables were classified into five groups: temporal, personal, business, circumstances, and consequences. Accidents at work are more common in males and in middle-aged workers (30–59 years). Companies with less than five workers, works outside the usual workplace and workers with less three months of length of the service in the company present high accident rate, both in light as fatal accidents. A semi-supervised model has been developed using the Fuzzy Cluster algorithm that can detect serious accidents with a recall rate of approximately 64% and group them into three distinct categories. This makes it possible to propose specific preventive measures for each category, of which there are 12 in total.Publicación Biogas from Zoo Animal Waste: ATEX Safety Distance Modelling at Madrid Zoo Aquarium(MDPI, 2025-10-29) Ballesteros Álvarez, Jesús Manuel; Romero Barriuso, Álvaro; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Rodríguez Sáiz, ÁngelThe rising cost of traditional energy sources is forcing us to seek alternatives that enable energy self-sufficiency. At the Madrid Zoo Aquarium (Spain), the production of biomethane through the anaerobic digestion of organic waste is being considered, improving environmental management and achieving a competitive advantage in the energy management process. This opportunity also carries with it the possibility of explosions, fires or polluting environments, which requires the establishment of preventive measures to minimize these risks. To respond to this type of contingency, this study develops both empirical equation and charts that allow the establishment of dangerous distances that must be considered due to the presence of flammable gases escaping into the atmosphere and the duration of the danger, taking into account the influence of environmental conditions and dilution. Different risk situations are considered, both during the operation of the facility and during the cleaning and maintenance of tanks and equipment, as well as in the management of waste generated at the end of treatment.Publicación Formación en PRL 10 horas. Trabajos con exposición al amianto. Según Norma UNE 171370-1:2014(Tirant lo Blanch, 2021-12-16) González García, María de las Nieves; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroEn este libro se recopilan las disposiones mínimas de seguridad y salud que han de ser tenidas en cuenta a la hora de realizar trabajos con riesgos de exposición al amianto, según lo establecido por la Norma UNE 171370-1:2014. Este documento pretende ser una guía de buena praxis en la ejecución de dichos trabajos, centrándose en el capítulo de la formación en PRL que han de recibir los Directivos de empresa, dotando a los mismos de eficaces y correctas herramientas preventivas. La prevención no es sólo cosa del trabajador o del empresario y se ha de hacer constar que una correcta "cultura preventiva" entre todos los agentes implicados en los procesos constructeivos-preventivos puede beneficiar a todas las partes involucradas.Publicación Investigating the effectiveness of a new indoor ventilation model in reducing the spread of disease: A case of sports centres amid the COVID-19 pandemic(Elsevier, 2024) Ballesteros Álvarez, Jesus Manuel ; Rodríguez Sáiz, Ángel; González Gaya, Cristina; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroThe ventilation of buildings is crucial to ensure indoor health, especially when demanding physical activities are carried out indoors, and the pandemic has highlighted the need to develop new management methods to ensure adequate ventilation. In Spain, there are no specific ventilation regulations to prevent the spread of pathogens such as the coronavirus. Therefore, it is necessary to have a theoretical tool for calculating occupancy to maintain sports facilities in optimal safety conditions. The proposed theoretical method is based on the analysis of mathematical expressions from European standardisation documents and uses the concentration of CO2 as a bioeffluent. It is also based on the concept of background and critical concentration, which allows its application to be extrapolated to future crises caused by pathogens. This study presents a unique and novel dataset for sports centres. For this purpose, the calculation methods were applied to the data set provided by Mostoles City Council, Spain, during the pandemic years with the highest incidence of COVID-19, when the government introduced the assimilation of COVID-19 sick leave to occupational accidents. The data on this type of sick leave provided by the City Council correspond to the period between March 2020 and February 2022. Similarly, the data on the average use of sports facilities by activity, provided by the Sports Department, correspond to the years 2020 and 2021. In this way, it was possible to verify the effectiveness in preventing the spread of any type of coronavirus. In conclusion, the implementation of a theoretical occupancy calculation method based onJournal Pre-proof 2 | 35 the concentration of carbon dioxide as a bioeffluent can be an effective tool for the management of future crises caused by pathogens or hazardous chemicals in the air, and demonstrated its effectiveness in sports centres such as gyms, sports fields, and indoor swimming pools during the COVID-19 pandemic.Publicación Estimating Maximum Dwell Time for Firefighting Teams Based on Ambient Temperature and Radiant Heat Exposure(MDPI, 2025-02-25) Ballesteros Álvarez, Jesus Manuel; Villena Escribano, Blasa María; Fuentes Bargues, José Luis; González Gaya, Cristina; Romero Barriuso, ÁlvaroThis research presents a scientifically grounded model designed to enhance the safety protocols for firefighting teams during fire intervention scenarios. The model estimates the maximum allowable exposure duration based on ambient temperature and radiant heat, employing data captured by thermal imaging cameras, which provide real-time measurements of infrared radiation emitted by fire-affected zones. Utilising the Stefan–Boltzmann law to quantify radiative heat transfer and Probit vulnerability analysis to assess thermal risk, critical temperature thresholds and corresponding exposure durations were determined. The results indicate that the maximum permissible ambient temperature for firefighting interventions is 263 °C, with a safe exposure duration of 26 s under these thermal conditions. This approach underscores the significance of ambient temperature as a pivotal parameter in risk assessment and intervention strategy development. Furthermore, the model’s applicability extends to other high-risk environments, including industrial operations, providing a robust and versatile framework for safety management. These findings contribute to advancing evidence-based protocols that mitigate injury risks, safeguard firefighting personnel, and optimise operational decision-making during emergencies.