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González Molina, Irene

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ir.gonzalez@geo.uned.es
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González Molina
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Irene
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2024 - 20253
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Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Neanderthal mobility over very long distances: The case of El Castillo cave (northern Spain) and the ‘Vasconian’ Mousterian
    (Elsevier, 2025-08) Herrero Alonso, Diego; Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Abellán Beltrán, Natalia; Moral, Macarena; González Molina, Irene; Solano Megías, Irene; Luzón Ruíz, Sofía; Marín Hernando, Juan; Álvarez Vena, Adrián; Martín Perea, David; Neira, Ana; Bernaldo de Quirós, Federico; Tarriño, Andoni
    This study explores the mobility and raw material circulation of Neanderthals at the El Castillo cave, located in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, with a particular focus on flint. The levels analyzed (XXabeXXf1.1) date between 45 and 70 ka BP, corresponding to the Mousterian period and, in some cases, to the Vasconian facies. Most of the flint varieties are of local origin (<10e30 km), but six additional sources have been identified, both regionally (30e120 km) and tracer (120e250 km), as well as a variety that would fall under the supertracer range (>250 km). These findings provide insights into patterns of lithic resource acquisition. Based on these data, together with the technotypological data and the quantitative representation of the different varieties of raw materials, it is proposed that the territory of these Neanderthals was larger than expected. Beyond their home range, they may have had an even larger ‘social territory,’ covering more than 600 km in length, from the Oviedo basin (Piedramuelle flint) to the Adour River (Tercis flint), including the Upper Ebro Basin (Trevi~ no flint). Furthermore, this broad geographical region and the dates from the levels at El Castillo align with the spatial distribution of the Mousterian with cleavers or the Vasconian. The technotypological analysis of these assemblages suggests that the Vasconian may be more closely related to a broad view of the group and the sharing of ideas, rather than representing a strictly defined technological tradition.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Technological variability in El Castillo cave during MIS 4
    (Springer Nature, 2024-07-29) González Molina, Irene; Maíllo Fernández, José Manuel; Vaquero, Manuel; Neira, Ana; Bernaldo de Quirós, Federico; Marín Hernando, Juan
    The variability in Neanderthal behaviour is one of the key debates in Middle Palaeolithic archaeology. Here we present the analysis of the lithic industry from a unit at one of Europe’s main Palaeolithic sites: El Castillo Cave. Unit XXf1.1, dated to the beginning of MIS 4, is an example of human occupation during a period of population decrease. In this assemblage, the technology is organised with the aim of obtaining the largest possible blanks in an environment in which small-sized raw materials predominate, with the presence of imported tools and clear differences in the management of different raw materials. This assemblage is characterized by the predominance of centripetal exploitation methods, and there is only a small number of blanks with laminar tendency, and cleavers. From all this we can observe how Neanderthals were able to find ways to achieve their specific objectives, planning their behaviour to overcome the limitations imposed by the environment.
  • Miniatura
    Publicación
    Reconsidering lithic transport in Middle Palaeolithic assemblages: curated and expedient strategies in the Abric Romaní mobile toolkits
    (Springer, 2025-06-28) González Molina, Irene; Chacón, María Gema; Gómez de Soler, Bruno; Romagnoli, Francesca; Vaquero, Manuel
    Mobility and its relationship with lithic technology is a major debate in the study of Neanderthal groups, especially regarding the selection of mobile tools for transport. This study analyses the mobile toolkits from levels M and P of the Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelona), a key site for studying Neanderthal behaviour due to its high stratigraphic resolution. The mobile toolkits, introduced already knapped into the site, come from two distinct technological contexts: level M, with a discoid and expedient technology, and level P, with a more curated Levallois and laminar technology. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the composition of these toolkits is primarily influenced by the need for mobility or by the technological strategies of the context. The results indicate that the composition of the mobile toolkits is at least partly related to the general technological context of each level. However, an increase in complexity is observed in some of the selected elements in both mobile toolkits, as well as an interest in backed flakes and combined with the presence of ordinary flakes. This analysis will provide new insights into the interactions between lithic technology and mobility, enhancing our understanding of how Neanderthals adapted their behaviour to the needs of movement and subsistence.