Kossowska, MalgorzataDragon, PiotrMoyano, ManuelGołąb, MonikaAndrysiak, AgataRodríguez, ReyesMelita, Davide2025-08-122025-08-122025-08-06Melita, D., Kossowska, M., Dragon, P. et al. Two Sources of Alienation from Society: The Role of Economic Relative Deprivation, Anti-Mainstream Identities, and Perceived Ingroup Injustice. Soc Indic Res 179 (1) (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03687-70303-8300; e-ISSN:1573-0921https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03687-7https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/29884Esta es la versión aceptada para su publicación en Social Indicators Research 179 (1) (2025). La versión final publicada está disponible en https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03687-7. This is the version accepted for publication in Social Indicators Research, 179 (1) (2025). The final published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03687-7.Five cross-sectional pre-registered studies (N = 2925) were conducted in different European countries to examine personal economic relative deprivation and perceived ingroup injustice as predictors of alienation from society (i.e., societal alienation), alongside the role of humiliation. Additionally, we explored whether the adoption of anti-mainstream identities is linked to the collective roots of societal alienation. Across all studies, anti-mainstream identities were operationalized as identities opposing the status quo, endorsing anti-mainstream narratives, or subjectively defined as anti-mainstream. Results consistently revealed that both personal economic relative deprivation and perceived ingroup injustice significantly predicted societal alienation. Furthermore, anti-mainstream identities exhibited a serial indirect effect on societal alienation through heightened perceived ingroup injustice and experienced humiliation in Studies 1a-3a, and through heightened perceived ingroup injustice in Study 3b. This research contributes to our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underpinning societal alienation, a precursor to various societal outcomes, including the rise of authoritarian populism or political polarization.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess6302.02 Psicología socialjournal articlesocial alienationpersonal economic relative deprivationingroup injusticehumiliationanti-mainstream identity