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2024-03-06
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¿Qué entienden las personas por embarazo de riesgo? ¿Cómo se aborda desde la perspectiva médica y cuál es su impacto en las personas dependiendo de sus trayectorias reproductivas? Este estudio aborda la comprensión pública hegemónica sobre el embarazo de riesgo y su abordaje en el ámbito médico a partir de una mirada centrada en la intersección entre las decisiones médicas y las trayectorias reproductivas de las personas gestantes. En ese sentido, los resultados plantean interrogantes sobre las implicaciones de la producción y control de incertidumbres en los procesos reproductivos y su impacto en las nociones culturales hegemónicas sobre el inicio y final de la vida, los derechos y la justicia reproductivos y las expectativas en torno a la maternidad y paternidad en un entorno medicalizado. Los resultados de esta investigación etnográfica en un hospital maternal centrada en el seguimiento del embarazo dan cuenta de la importancia de factores socioculturales, como son la experiencia y las creencias de la persona gestante, no siempre incorporadas en la toma de decisiones biomédicas. El estudio está centrado en las relaciones entre el personal sanitario y las personas cribadas con un alto riesgo obstétrico. Al mismo tiempo, destaca la influencia de los avances tecnocientíficos en la percepción de las incertidumbres y la medicalización de los procesos reproductivos. Asimismo, reconoce la creciente tendencia de las personas a incorporar discursos no basados exclusivamente en la autoridad médica. Las nociones de “normal” y “patológico” son elementos clave en las negociaciones constantes por el poder en el contexto de la atención obstétrica. La construcción del embarazo como evento de riesgo se negocia entre profesionales y pacientes, con la persuasión a través del conocimiento experto como una herramienta crucial. No obstante, salvo excepciones, la relación profesional-paciente se caracteriza por un acceso desigual al conocimiento que legitima la toma de decisiones, lo que contribuye a una determinada jerarquización del ámbito sanitario. La vulnerabilidad de las personas embarazadas cribadas con alto riesgo obstétrico requiere, por ello, un enfoque multidisciplinar que facilite una mayor agencia y autonomía, especialmente en poblaciones marginadas y, junto a ello una mayor adherencia a las intervenciones propuestas. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren la conveniencia de abrir nuevas líneas de investigación e intervención que permitan explorar las experiencias de las personas atendidas más allá del entorno hospitalario.
What do we understand by high-risk pregnancy? How is it approached from a medical perspective, and what is its impact on individuals depending on their reproductive trajectories? This study explores the hegemonic public understandings of high-risk pregnancy and its management in the medical field by looking at the intersection between medical decisions and the reproductive journeys of pregnant individuals. In this regard, the outcomes raise questions about the implications of the production and control of uncertainties in reproductive processes and their impact on hegemonic cultural notions regarding the beginning and end of life, reproductive rights and justice, and expectations surrounding parenthood in a medicalized environment. The results of this ethnographic research in a maternity hospital centered on pregnancy care highlight the importance of sociocultural factors, such as the experiences and beliefs of pregnant individuals, which are not always incorporated in biomedical decisionmaking. The study focuses on the relationships between healthcare professionals and individuals screened with high obstetric risk, while emphasizing the influence of technoscientific advances on the perception of uncertainties and the medicalization of reproductive processes. It also acknowledges the growing tendency of individuals incorporating discourses based not solely on medical authority. The notions of “normal” and “pathological” are key elements in the ongoing negotiations for power in obstetric care. The construction of pregnancy as a hazardous event is under negotiation between professionals and patients, persuasion through expert knowledge being a crucial tool. However, with some exceptions, the professional-patient relationship is characterized by unequal access to the knowledge that legitimizes decision-making, which contributes to a certain hierarchization of the healthcare environment. The specific vulnerability of pregnant people at high obstetric risk would therefore require a multidisciplinary approach to promote greater agency and autonomy, especially in marginalized populations, and, along with this, greater adherence to the proposed interventions. The results of this study suggest the desirability of opening new lines of research and intervention to explore the experiences of patients beyond the hospital setting.
What do we understand by high-risk pregnancy? How is it approached from a medical perspective, and what is its impact on individuals depending on their reproductive trajectories? This study explores the hegemonic public understandings of high-risk pregnancy and its management in the medical field by looking at the intersection between medical decisions and the reproductive journeys of pregnant individuals. In this regard, the outcomes raise questions about the implications of the production and control of uncertainties in reproductive processes and their impact on hegemonic cultural notions regarding the beginning and end of life, reproductive rights and justice, and expectations surrounding parenthood in a medicalized environment. The results of this ethnographic research in a maternity hospital centered on pregnancy care highlight the importance of sociocultural factors, such as the experiences and beliefs of pregnant individuals, which are not always incorporated in biomedical decisionmaking. The study focuses on the relationships between healthcare professionals and individuals screened with high obstetric risk, while emphasizing the influence of technoscientific advances on the perception of uncertainties and the medicalization of reproductive processes. It also acknowledges the growing tendency of individuals incorporating discourses based not solely on medical authority. The notions of “normal” and “pathological” are key elements in the ongoing negotiations for power in obstetric care. The construction of pregnancy as a hazardous event is under negotiation between professionals and patients, persuasion through expert knowledge being a crucial tool. However, with some exceptions, the professional-patient relationship is characterized by unequal access to the knowledge that legitimizes decision-making, which contributes to a certain hierarchization of the healthcare environment. The specific vulnerability of pregnant people at high obstetric risk would therefore require a multidisciplinary approach to promote greater agency and autonomy, especially in marginalized populations, and, along with this, greater adherence to the proposed interventions. The results of this study suggest the desirability of opening new lines of research and intervention to explore the experiences of patients beyond the hospital setting.
Descripción
Categorías UNESCO
Palabras clave
riesgo obstétrico, salud reproductiva, antropología de la incertidumbre, antropología médica, obstetric risk, reproductive health, anthropology of uncertainty, medical anthropology
Citación
Cerezuela González, Ana. Trabajo Fin de Máster: Deseos reproductivos, decisiones médicas: la construcción social del embarazo “de riesgo” en los espacios de seguimiento obstétrico. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) 2024
Centro
Facultad de Filosofía
Departamento
Antropología Social y Cultural