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2024
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España). Escuela Internacional de Doctorado. Programa de doctorado en ciencias biomédicas y salud pública
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Las sustancias químicas alteradoras endocrinas o disruptores endocrinos (EDCs, por sus siglas en inglés) son sustancias químicas que pueden producir efectos nocivos al interferir con el sistema hormonal y son de especial interés para la protección de la Salud Pública. Los cosméticos pueden ser una fuente de exposición a sustancias químicas peligrosas, incluidas EDCs; por ello, es necesario estudiar la posibilidad de exposición, así como los efectos potenciales de la aplicación de EDCs a través de cosméticos, sobre todo en el caso de los grupos vulnerables.
El uso de cosméticos es una elección personal en algunos casos, mientras que puede estar vinculado a necesidades preventivas, como la utilización de protectores solares, y terapéuticas específicas, como en el caso de la dermatitis atópica o los pacientes oncológicos. Los pacientes oncológicos y otras situaciones, como alteraciones de la piel que comprometen la función barrera, no son considerados actualmente como situaciones vulnerables en las evaluaciones de seguridad por los investigadores, tampoco la exposición ocupacional (peluqueros, esteticistas…) y otros escenarios de exposición a EDCs, como los tratamientos estéticos. Los cosméticos pueden ser un factor de exposición a sustancias químicas con acción disruptora endocrina y la piel con función de barrera alterada puede ser un factor de vulnerabilidad.
Esta Tesis propone un listado de ingredientes utilizados en productos cosméticos para los que existe evidencia científica de actividad endocrina potencial, compila una base de datos sobre la presencia de estos ingredientes en productos cosméticos comercializados en España, y proporciona información sobre los peligros potenciales de las sustancias químicas potencialmente disruptoras endocrinas en cosméticos y productos de cuidado personal, resultado de una extensa revisión bibliográfica. Además de ser el trabajo más extenso realizado hasta la fecha en nuestro país en este ámbito, incluye un factor adicional y novedoso, de máxima relevancia para el ámbito sanitario, evaluando los grupos de población con susceptibilidad o vulnerabilidad especiales. Además de la susceptibilidad asociada a las diferentes etapas del desarrollo, se considera la vulnerabilidad asociada a situaciones patológicas que además requieren una mayor utilización de productos cosméticos. Se propone la utilización de metodologías de evaluación de riesgo de nueva generación para realizar estos análisis, demostrando su aplicabilidad a través de una prueba de concepto para el filtro ultravioleta octocrileno. Además del desarrollo científico, es destacable la utilidad práctica de este estudio, que permitirá obtener una visión informada de si existe la necesidad de advertir sobre los peligros potenciales de las sustancias químicas disruptoras endocrinas en cosméticos y productos de cuidado personal en situaciones de especial vulnerabilidad; considerando tanto a los usuarios como a los profesionales al cuidado de la salud de estas personas.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that can cause adverse effects by interfering with endocrine system. They are of particular concern for the protection of public health. Cosmetics can be a source of exposure to hazard chemicals, including EDCs; therefore, it is necessary to study the possibility of exposure as well as the potential effects of the application of EDCs through cosmetics, especially in the case of vulnerable groups. The use of cosmetics is in same cases a personal choice, while it may be associated with preventive needs, such as the use of sunscreens, or specific therapeutics needs, as in the case of an atopic dermatitis or oncological patients. Oncological patients and other situations such a skin alteration impairing barrier function are not currently considered as vulnerable situations in safety assessments by researchers, nor are occupational exposures (hairdressers, beauticians…) and other EDCs exposure scenarios such as aesthetic treatments. Cosmetics may be a factor of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and skin with impaired barrier function may be a factor of vulnerability. This thesis proposes a list of ingredients used in cosmetic products for which there is scientific evidence of potential endocrine disrupting activity, compiles a database on the presence of these ingredients in cosmetic product marketed in Spain and provides information on the potential hazard of chemicals with possible endocrine disrupting activity in cosmetics and personal care products, as a result of an extensive literature review. In addition to being the most comprehensive work carried out in this field in our country to date, it includes an additional and novel factor of maximum relevance to the health sector, which is the evaluation of population groups with particular susceptibility or vulnerability. In addition to the susceptibility associated with the different stages of development, the vulnerability associated with pathological situations that also require a greater use of cosmetics products is considered. The use of a new generation risk assessment methodologies is proposed to perform theses analyses, and their applicability is demonstrated through a proof of concept for the UV filter octocrylene. In addition to the scientific development, the practical usefulness of this study is noteworthy, as it will make it possible to obtain an informed view on whether there is a need to warn about the potential hazards of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products in situations of particular vulnerability, taking into account both users and professionals in charge of their health care.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that can cause adverse effects by interfering with endocrine system. They are of particular concern for the protection of public health. Cosmetics can be a source of exposure to hazard chemicals, including EDCs; therefore, it is necessary to study the possibility of exposure as well as the potential effects of the application of EDCs through cosmetics, especially in the case of vulnerable groups. The use of cosmetics is in same cases a personal choice, while it may be associated with preventive needs, such as the use of sunscreens, or specific therapeutics needs, as in the case of an atopic dermatitis or oncological patients. Oncological patients and other situations such a skin alteration impairing barrier function are not currently considered as vulnerable situations in safety assessments by researchers, nor are occupational exposures (hairdressers, beauticians…) and other EDCs exposure scenarios such as aesthetic treatments. Cosmetics may be a factor of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and skin with impaired barrier function may be a factor of vulnerability. This thesis proposes a list of ingredients used in cosmetic products for which there is scientific evidence of potential endocrine disrupting activity, compiles a database on the presence of these ingredients in cosmetic product marketed in Spain and provides information on the potential hazard of chemicals with possible endocrine disrupting activity in cosmetics and personal care products, as a result of an extensive literature review. In addition to being the most comprehensive work carried out in this field in our country to date, it includes an additional and novel factor of maximum relevance to the health sector, which is the evaluation of population groups with particular susceptibility or vulnerability. In addition to the susceptibility associated with the different stages of development, the vulnerability associated with pathological situations that also require a greater use of cosmetics products is considered. The use of a new generation risk assessment methodologies is proposed to perform theses analyses, and their applicability is demonstrated through a proof of concept for the UV filter octocrylene. In addition to the scientific development, the practical usefulness of this study is noteworthy, as it will make it possible to obtain an informed view on whether there is a need to warn about the potential hazards of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products in situations of particular vulnerability, taking into account both users and professionals in charge of their health care.
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Fernández Martín, María Elena (2024). Criterios de reivindicación de cosmética apta para individuos susceptibles y vulnerables a sustancias con actividad endocrina y posibles disruptores endocrinos. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España)]
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Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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Programa de doctorado
Programa de doctorado en ciencias biomédicas y salud pública