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Gañán Guillén, Sergio

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Gañán Guillén
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    Deciphering social class dimensions through its values in contemporary Europe
    (Springer, 2026-01-16) Gañán Guillén, Sergio
    Previous research has noted a decline in the explanatory power of social class for political behaviour, focusing primarily on economic interests. This article examines how social class relates to cultural and material values, analysing the differences across classes in both dimensions. To explore this, the study uses data from the European Social Survey (ESS, rounds 1 to 11) and Schwartz’s human values framework to capture both cultural and material dimensions. The results show that working classes have higher conservation in the cultural dimension and greater support for equality in the material dimension. The middle and upper classes show stronger self-transcendence in the cultural dimension, reflecting a social-oriented cultural focus rather than material concerns. The upper class stands out for openness to change in the cultural dimension, while material concerns remain highly relevant in a negative sense, as indicated by their low support for equality. Small owners prioritise self-enhancement and openness to change, focusing on individual-oriented cultural values. The relative importance of these dimensions differs across classes: among unskilled and skilled workers, material and cultural concerns are balanced, whereas in the middle class cultural values are more salient. In the upper class, cultural priorities are relevant, but the negative material orientation as opposed to equality, remains strong and cannot be considered secondary.